Baek Seong-Uk, Yoon Jin-Ha
Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; The Institute for Occupational Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Graduate School, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
The Institute for Occupational Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Prev Med. 2023 Oct;175:107691. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2023.107691. Epub 2023 Aug 29.
Long working hours cause adverse health outcomes; however, the precise mechanisms underlying this relationship remain unknown. We examined the association between long working hours and health behaviors, as well as gender differences in this association.
A nationally representative sample of 26,385 Korean workers was analyzed. The exposure variable was self-reported weekly working hours. The outcomes examined were cigarette smoking, high-level physical activity (defined as engaging in ≥150 min/week of moderate-to-vigorous leisure-time physical activity), and risky alcohol use (defined as consuming seven glasses for men or five glasses for women of alcohol in a single sitting, twice or more per week). Logistic regression models were utilized, and gender differences were examined by incorporating interaction terms into the regression models.
Among 26,385 workers, 4,109 (16%) worked ≥55 h/week. The prevalence of cigarette smoking, high-level physical activity, and risky alcohol use was 19%, 18%, and 14%, respectively. The odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval [CI]) of the association between working ≥55 h/week and outcomes was 1.26 (1.12-1.43) for cigarette smoking, 0.73 (0.65-0.83) for high-level physical activity, and 0.95 (0.83-1.08) for risky alcohol use compared to working 35-40 h/week. A moderating effect of gender on the association between long working hours and risky alcohol use was observed. The OR (95% CI) of the association between working ≥55 h/week was 0.88 (0.76-1.02) in men and 1.51 (1.12-2.05) in women.
Our findings emphasize the need for policy interventions aimed at reducing excessive working hours and fostering healthy lifestyle behaviors among individuals engaged in long working hours.
长时间工作会导致不良健康后果；然而，这种关系背后的确切机制仍不清楚。我们研究了长时间工作与健康行为之间的关联，以及这种关联中的性别差异。
对26385名韩国工人的全国代表性样本进行了分析。暴露变量是自我报告的每周工作时长。所研究的结果包括吸烟、高强度体育活动（定义为每周进行≥150分钟的中度至剧烈休闲体育活动）和危险饮酒（定义为男性单次饮用七杯或女性单次饮用五杯酒精饮料，每周两次或更多）。使用逻辑回归模型，并通过将交互项纳入回归模型来检验性别差异。
在26385名工人中，4109人（16%）每周工作≥55小时。吸烟、高强度体育活动和危险饮酒的患病率分别为19%、18%和14%。与每周工作35 - 40小时相比，每周工作≥55小时与各结果之间关联的比值比（OR）（95%置信区间[CI]），吸烟为1.26（1.12 - 1.43），高强度体育活动为0.73（0.65 - 0.83），危险饮酒为0.95（0.83 - 1.08）。观察到性别对长时间工作与危险饮酒之间的关联有调节作用。每周工作≥55小时与各结果之间关联的OR（95% CI），男性为0.88（0.76 - 1.02），女性为1.51（1.12 - 2.05）。
我们的研究结果强调了政策干预的必要性，旨在减少过长工作时间，并促进长时间工作人群养成健康的生活方式行为。
