Department of Banking and Finance, University of the Punjab, Gujranwala Campus, Gujranwala, Pakistan.
School of Accounting, Yunnan Technology and Business University, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2023 Sep;30(45):101782-101789. doi: 10.1007/s11356-023-29575-6. Epub 2023 Sep 1.
The development of an environment that is sustainable requires infrastructure matching this goal. Moreover, it is almost impossible to achieve this goal without the requisite energy structure. Devising an energy structure that is both effective and efficient must precede the desired infrastructure to achieve sustainability goals. Therefore, it is important to look into the nexus of energy structure, infrastructure, and carbon emissions in "Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa (BRICS)" countries under the growth and environment hypothesis. To empirically estimate the said nexus, robust econometric techniques are adopted. This paper employs panel data analysis techniques to investigate the relationship between infrastructure, energy consumption, and carbon emissions in the BRICS countries. The econometric estimation methodology includes a cross-sectional dependence test, unit root attribute of the panel data using the cross-sectionally augmented Im Pesaran and Shin (CIPS) test, and estimation of co-integration among the variables, and to address the issues in the panel data, augmented mean group (AMG) technique and common correlated effects mean group (CCEMG) estimator were employed. Findings suggest the existence of a supportive role of infrastructure and energy structure in abating carbon emissions. It is suggested that the BRICS economies need to enhance their investment in infrastructure and energy structure for them to create a sustainable environment. Findings are also robust to short- and long-run policy implications. This study is a step forward toward the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
可持续发展环境的发展需要与之相匹配的基础设施。此外，如果没有必要的能源结构，几乎不可能实现这一目标。在追求可持续发展目标之前，必须先设计出既有效又高效的能源结构。因此，有必要根据增长和环境假说，研究能源结构、基础设施和碳排放之间的关系。为了对这一关系进行实证估计，采用了稳健的计量经济学技术。本文采用面板数据分析技术，研究了金砖国家基础设施、能源消费与碳排放之间的关系。计量经济学估计方法包括横截面相关性检验、使用横截面增强的 Im Pesaran 和 Shin (CIPS) 检验的面板数据单位根属性，以及对变量之间的协整关系进行估计，为了解决面板数据中的问题，采用了广义平均组 (AMG) 技术和共同相关影响平均组 (CCEMG) 估计量。研究结果表明，基础设施和能源结构在减少碳排放方面发挥了支持作用。建议金砖国家经济体需要增加对基础设施和能源结构的投资，以创造可持续的环境。研究结果在短期和长期政策影响方面也是稳健的。本研究是朝着可持续发展目标（SDGs）迈出的一步。
