Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, 1479 Gortner Avenue, Saint Paul, Minnesota 55108, United States.
Microbial Ecology Group, Department of Biology, Lund University, Naturvetarvägen 22362, Lund, Sweden.
FEMS Microbiol Ecol. 2023 Aug 22;99(9). doi: 10.1093/femsec/fiad098.
Despite growing interest in fungal necromass decomposition due to its importance in soil carbon retention, whether a consistent group of microorganisms is associated with decomposing necromass remains unresolved. Here, we synthesize knowledge on the composition of the bacterial and fungal communities present on decomposing fungal necromass from a variety of fungal species, geographic locations, habitats, and incubation times. We found that there is a core group of both bacterial and fungal genera (i.e. a core fungal necrobiome), although the specific size of the core depended on definition. Based on a metric that included both microbial frequency and abundance, we demonstrate that the core is taxonomically and functionally diverse, including bacterial copiotrophs and oligotrophs as well as fungal saprotrophs, ectomycorrhizal fungi, and both fungal and animal parasites. We also show that the composition of the core necrobiome is notably dynamic over time, with many core bacterial and fungal genera having specific associations with the early, middle, or late stages of necromass decomposition. While this study establishes the existence of a core fungal necrobiome, we advocate that profiling the composition of fungal necromass decomposer communities in tropical environments and other terrestrial biomes beyond forests is needed to fill key knowledge gaps regarding the global nature of the fungal necrobiome.
尽管人们对真菌残体分解越来越感兴趣，因为它对土壤碳保持很重要，但能分解残体的微生物是否具有一致性仍未得到解决。在这里，我们综合了各种真菌物种、地理位置、栖息地和培养时间下，存在于分解真菌残体上的细菌和真菌群落的组成知识。我们发现，尽管核心的具体大小取决于定义，但确实存在一组细菌和真菌属（即核心真菌残体生物群）。基于包含微生物频率和丰度的度量标准，我们证明核心在分类学和功能上是多样的，包括细菌的需氧菌和寡养菌以及真菌的腐生菌、外生菌根真菌以及真菌和动物寄生虫。我们还表明，核心残体生物群的组成在时间上具有显著的动态性，许多核心细菌和真菌属与真菌残体分解的早期、中期或晚期具有特定的关联。虽然这项研究确立了核心真菌残体生物群的存在，但我们提倡需要在热带环境和森林以外的其他陆地生物群落中对真菌残体分解者群落的组成进行分析，以填补有关真菌残体生物群全球性质的关键知识空白。
