Moravcová Andrea, Barbi Florian, Algora Camelia, Tosadori Gabriele, Macek Petr, Albrechtová Jana, Baldrian Petr, Kohout Petr
Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 4, Czech Republic.
Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 5, Prague, 128 404, Czech Republic.
Environ Microbiome. 2025 Jun 20;20(1):75. doi: 10.1186/s40793-025-00730-5.
Decomposition is a crucial process in terrestrial ecosystems, driving nutrient cycling and carbon storage dynamics. Considering the amount of fungal necromass produced in soils annually, its decomposition represents an important nutrient recycling process. Understanding the decomposition dynamics and associated microbial communities of fungal necromass is essential for elucidating ecosystem functioning, especially in environmentally sensitive regions such as the Arctic tundra, which remain under-explored. In a three-year field experiment conducted in the Svalbard archipelago, we investigated the decomposition of two types of fungal necromass with differing biochemical properties. We studied the decomposition rate, changes in chemical composition, and the succession of fungal and bacterial communities associated with the decaying fungal necromass. We discovered that up to 20% of fungal necromass remained even after three years of decomposition, indicating that the decomposition process was incomplete. Our results indicate the crucial role of Pseudogymnoascus in decomposing low-quality, highly melanized necromass with a high C:N ratio in Arctic soils, underscoring its importance in carbon cycling in the Arctic tundra. Notably, we observed dynamic changes in bacterial communities, with increasing richness over time and a shift from copiotrophic to oligotrophic species specializing in decomposing recalcitrant material. Our study indicates the strong potential that fungal necromass can play in carbon sequestration of arctic soils and reveals the distinct dynamics between rather stable fungal and rapidly changing bacterial communities associated with the decomposing fungal necromass in the Arctic tundra. These findings enhance our understanding of microbial succession during decomposition in extreme environments and highlight the potentially differing roles of fungi and bacteria in these processes.
分解是陆地生态系统中的一个关键过程，驱动着养分循环和碳储存动态。考虑到每年土壤中产生的真菌坏死物质的数量，其分解是一个重要的养分循环过程。了解真菌坏死物质的分解动态及相关微生物群落对于阐明生态系统功能至关重要，尤其是在北极苔原等环境敏感地区，这些地区仍未得到充分探索。在斯瓦尔巴群岛进行的一项为期三年的田间试验中，我们研究了两种具有不同生化特性的真菌坏死物质的分解情况。我们研究了分解速率、化学成分的变化以及与腐烂真菌坏死物质相关的真菌和细菌群落的演替。我们发现，即使经过三年的分解，仍有高达20%的真菌坏死物质残留，这表明分解过程并不完全。我们的结果表明，假裸囊菌在分解北极土壤中低质量、高黑色素化、碳氮比高的坏死物质方面起着关键作用，突出了其在北极苔原碳循环中的重要性。值得注意的是，我们观察到细菌群落的动态变化，随着时间的推移丰富度增加，并且从专门分解难降解物质的富营养型物种转变为贫营养型物种。我们的研究表明，真菌坏死物质在北极土壤碳固存方面具有巨大潜力，并揭示了北极苔原中与分解真菌坏死物质相关的相对稳定的真菌群落和快速变化的细菌群落之间的明显动态差异。这些发现增进了我们对极端环境中分解过程中微生物演替的理解，并突出了真菌和细菌在这些过程中可能不同的作用。
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