Department of Chemistry, The University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad 13100, Pakistan.
Department of Chemistry, The University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad 13100, Pakistan.
J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2023 Dec;80:127292. doi: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2023.127292. Epub 2023 Aug 27.
BACKGROUND: CoFeO are important magnetic NPs with high coercivity and moderate magnetization. These properties of CoFeO NPs show variation when doped with various metals. Recent studies explained that Cobalt ferrites doped with metal ion like Mn, have attracted increasing attention in many applications, particularly in biomedical applications. A relatively simple way is employing plants and their extracts as precursors instead of toxic chemicals to produce NPs with desirable characteristic. In current study we report green synthesis and characterization of magnetic (CoFeO, MnCoFeO, CoFeO@S.C, MnCoFeO@S.C) nanoparticles using ethanolic extract of Swertia Chirata. To enhance application as biocompatible magnetic nano drug delivery vector and cell targeting efficacy of drugs, Glimepiride (GLM), Dexamethasone (DXM), Fexofenadine (FEX) and Levofloxacin (LVX) 1were loaded on synthesized NPs. Synthesized CFNPs has been broadly characterized and applied for in vitro anticancer, antidiabetic and antibacterial potential. METHODS: For synthesis of CoFeO (CF), CoMnFeO (CFM), CoFeO@S.C (SCF) & CoMnFeO @S.C (SCFM), stochiometric amounts 5 mmol of CoCl·6 HO (0.284 g) and 10 mmol FeCl·6 HO (0.378 g) were dissolved in 13 mL of deionized water. To this sodium acetate (3.05 g) and urea (0.6 g) were added until complete dissolution. Afterward n-heptane was added, and contents were then transferred to Teflon lining autoclave at 180 °C for 4 h. Black powder CoFeO NPs after washing, were dried and calcined at 450 oC for 2 h. RESULTS: XRD diffractogram of CF have proved the single-phase cubic spinel structure formation for all samples. Swertia Chirata formulations were shown to have effective in vitro antidiabetic activity. CF, CFM & SCFM showed good inhibition of α-glucosidase with very low concentration 6 µg/mL, 5 µg/mL and 4 µg/mL as compare to 12.41 µg/mL of acarbose. SCF showed that the value slightly higher than 16 µg/mL compared to standard. Drug loaded CFNPs (L-CFNPs, F-CFNPs, D-CFNPs & G-CFNPs) also effectively inhibited α-glucosidase. IC50 value for CFNPs inhibition of α-glucosidase was 12.4 µg/mL. All synthesized CF NPs showed cytotoxic potential against breast cancer cells MCF-7. About 50-60% cell viability and cytotoxicity 40% were observed for bare CFNPs as compare to Doxorubicin with related toxicity 80% and 20% cell viability. Among synthesized samples almost all samples without conjugation of any drug showed activities against at least one bacterial strain. CFM, SCF, SCFM were active against S. aureus at concentration 100 µg/mL, 100 µg/mL, and 50 µg/mL respectively. CONCLUSION: The synthesized CF NPs showed significant cytotoxic potential against MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. Further, drug loaded samples displayed lesser cell viability and slightly increased cytotoxicity in range of 40-50% in comparison with bare CFNPs. However, higher toxicity was observed for CFMGS towards MCF-7 cells with results nearly equal to Doxorubicin with significant decrease in viability. CF, CFM & SCFM showed good inhibition of α-glucosidase with very low concentration 6 µg/mL, 5 µg/mL and 4 µg/mL as compare to 12.41 µg/mL of acarbose. Among synthesized samples almost all samples without conjugation of any drug showed activities against at least one bacterial strain.
背景：CoFeO 是一种具有高矫顽力和中等磁化强度的重要磁性 NPs。这些 CoFeO NPs 的性质在掺杂各种金属时会发生变化。最近的研究表明，掺杂金属离子（如 Mn）的钴铁氧体在许多应用中，特别是在生物医学应用中，引起了越来越多的关注。一种相对简单的方法是使用植物及其提取物作为前体，而不是有毒化学品来制备具有理想特性的 NPs。在当前的研究中，我们报告了使用 Swertia Chirata 的乙醇提取物合成磁性（CoFeO、MnCoFeO、CoFeO@S.C、MnCoFeO@S.C）纳米粒子的绿色合成和表征。为了增强作为生物相容性磁性纳米药物载体的应用和药物的细胞靶向效果，将格列美脲（GLM）、地塞米松（DXM）、非索非那定（FEX）和左氧氟沙星（LVX）加载到合成的 NPs 上。合成的 CFNPs 已经进行了广泛的表征，并应用于体外抗癌、抗糖尿病和抗菌潜力的研究。
方法：为了合成 CoFeO（CF）、CoMnFeO（CFM）、CoFeO@S.C（SCF）和 CoMnFeO@S.C（SCFM），使用了化学计量量为 5 mmol 的 CoCl·6H2O（0.284 g）和 10 mmol 的 FeCl·6H2O（0.378 g）溶解在 13 mL 的去离子水中。向其中加入 3.05 g 的醋酸钠和 0.6 g 的尿素，直到完全溶解。然后加入正庚烷，将内容物转移到 180°C 的聚四氟乙烯衬里高压釜中反应 4 小时。在洗涤后，得到的 CoFeO NPs 经过干燥和在 450°C 下煅烧 2 小时。
结果：CF 的 XRD 衍射图谱证明了所有样品都形成了单相立方尖晶石结构。证明 Swertia Chirata 配方具有有效的体外抗糖尿病活性。CF、CFM 和 SCFM 对α-葡萄糖苷酶表现出良好的抑制作用，其浓度为 6μg/mL、5μg/mL 和 4μg/mL，而阿卡波糖的抑制浓度为 12.41μg/mL。SCF 的值略高于 16μg/mL，与标准值相比。载药的 CFNPs（L-CFNPs、F-CFNPs、D-CFNPs 和 G-CFNPs）也有效地抑制了α-葡萄糖苷酶。CFNPs 抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶的 IC50 值为 12.4μg/mL。所有合成的 CF NPs 对乳腺癌 MCF-7 细胞均显示出细胞毒性潜力。与相关毒性为 80%和细胞存活率为 20%的阿霉素相比，裸 CFNPs 的细胞存活率约为 50-60%，细胞毒性为 40%。在所合成的样品中，几乎所有未经任何药物修饰的样品对至少一种细菌菌株都表现出活性。CFM、SCF 和 SCFM 对金黄色葡萄球菌的活性浓度分别为 100μg/mL、100μg/mL 和 50μg/mL。
结论：合成的 CF NPs 对 MCF-7 乳腺癌细胞系显示出显著的细胞毒性潜力。此外，与裸 CFNPs 相比，载药样品的细胞存活率略低，细胞毒性增加到 40-50%的范围。然而，CFMGS 对 MCF-7 细胞的毒性更高，结果几乎与阿霉素相当，细胞存活率显著降低。CF、CFM 和 SCFM 对α-葡萄糖苷酶表现出良好的抑制作用，其浓度为 6μg/mL、5μg/mL 和 4μg/mL，而阿卡波糖的抑制浓度为 12.41μg/mL。在所合成的样品中，几乎所有未经任何药物修饰的样品对至少一种细菌菌株都表现出活性。
Nanomedicine (Lond). 2018-6-8
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