Department of Hospital Pharmacy, UZ Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Jette, Belgium.
Centre for Pharmaceutical Research, Research group of Clinical Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Jette, Belgium.
Int J Clin Pharm. 2024 Feb;46(1):80-89. doi: 10.1007/s11096-023-01627-4. Epub 2023 Sep 1.
Documentation of drug related problems (DRPs) and pharmaceutical interventions (PIs) is essential for an objective evaluation of the pharmacist's contribution to pharmacotherapy. However, in Belgium, a nationally used classification system is not available, prohibiting structured and uniform documentation of DRPs and PIs.
To develop and validate a national classification system for in-hospital clinical pharmacy activities, based on literature and field experience, specifically intended for routine registration.
Based on a literature review, a survey among Belgian hospital pharmacists and a stakeholder focus group, a first version of Be-CLIPSS (Belgian CLInical Pharmacy claSsification System) was developed. Inter-rater reliability of the DRPs and PIs was assessed. Additionally, its usability was reviewed. The system was further refined, followed by a second validation.
Both the survey and focus group discussion revealed little use of validated DRP and PI classification systems in Belgium, although these were considered highly desirable if practical and minimally time-consuming. The final classification system encompassed seven clinical pharmacy activities, grouped into four activity classes. The inter-rater reliability for the second activity class was substantial for the DRPs (κ = 0.737) and almost perfect for the PIs (κ = 0.872). The interpretability (86.4%), user-friendliness (61.4%), user satisfaction (84.1%), interest for use in daily practice (68.2%) and difficulty in correctly classifying the DRP and PI (31.8%) were assessed.
Be-CLIPSS, a newly developed and partially validated classification system for DRPs and PIs, was found to be user-friendly, with a good interpretability and user satisfaction, resulting in a high interest for use in daily practice.
记录药物相关问题（DRP）和药物干预（PI）对于客观评估药师在药物治疗中的贡献至关重要。然而，在比利时，没有全国范围内使用的分类系统，这使得 DRP 和 PI 的结构化和统一记录无法实现。
根据文献和实地经验，开发和验证一种用于医院内临床药学活动的全国性分类系统，专门用于常规登记。
基于文献回顾、对比利时医院药师的调查以及利益相关者焦点小组，开发了 Be-CLIPSS（比利时临床药学分类系统）的初始版本。评估了 DRP 和 PI 的组内一致性。此外，还对其可用性进行了评估。对该系统进行了进一步的改进，随后进行了第二次验证。
调查和焦点小组讨论都表明，比利时很少使用经过验证的 DRP 和 PI 分类系统，尽管如果实用且耗时较少，这些系统被认为是非常需要的。最终的分类系统涵盖了 7 种临床药学活动，分为 4 个活动类别。对于第二个活动类别的 DRP，组内一致性为中等（κ=0.737），对于 PI，组内一致性几乎为完美（κ=0.872）。对其可解释性（86.4%）、用户友好性（61.4%）、用户满意度（84.1%）、在日常实践中使用的兴趣（68.2%）以及正确分类 DRP 和 PI 的难度（31.8%）进行了评估。
Be-CLIPSS 是一种新开发的 DRP 和 PI 分类系统，部分经过验证，具有用户友好性、良好的可解释性和用户满意度，在日常实践中具有很高的使用兴趣。
