Translational Research Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy.
Front Immunol. 2023 Aug 17;14:1244556. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1244556. eCollection 2023.
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by (Mtb) and Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), whose etiologic agent is severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), are currently the two deadliest infectious diseases in humans, which together have caused about more than 11 million deaths worldwide in the past 3 years. TB and COVID-19 share several aspects including the droplet- and aerosol-borne transmissibility, the lungs as primary target, some symptoms, and diagnostic tools. However, these two infectious diseases differ in other aspects as their incubation period, immune cells involved, persistence and the immunopathological response. In this review, we highlight the similarities and differences between TB and COVID-19 focusing on the innate and adaptive immune response induced after the exposure to Mtb and SARS-CoV-2 and the pathological pathways linking the two infections. Moreover, we provide a brief overview of the immune response in case of TB-COVID-19 co-infection highlighting the similarities and differences of each individual infection. A comprehensive understanding of the immune response involved in TB and COVID-19 is of utmost importance for the design of effective therapeutic strategies and vaccines for both diseases.
结核病（TB）由结核分枝杆菌（Mtb）引起，而 2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）的病原体是严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2），这两种疾病目前是人类最致命的两种传染病，在过去 3 年中，它们共同导致了全球超过 1100 万人死亡。TB 和 COVID-19 有几个方面是共有的，包括飞沫和气溶胶传播、肺部作为主要靶器官、一些症状和诊断工具。然而，这两种传染病在其他方面存在差异，如潜伏期、涉及的免疫细胞、持续时间和免疫病理反应。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍了 TB 和 COVID-19 之间的相似性和差异，包括暴露于 Mtb 和 SARS-CoV-2 后诱导的先天和适应性免疫反应，以及将这两种感染联系起来的病理途径。此外，我们简要概述了 TB-COVID-19 合并感染时的免疫反应，强调了每种单独感染的相似点和不同点。全面了解 TB 和 COVID-19 涉及的免疫反应对于设计针对这两种疾病的有效治疗策略和疫苗至关重要。
