Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain.
Laboratori Experimental de Nefrologia I Trasplantament (LENIT), Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (FRCB-IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.
Front Immunol. 2023 Aug 17;14:1154650. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1154650. eCollection 2023.
Antibody-mediated rejection is the leading cause of kidney graft dysfunction. The process of diagnosing it requires the performance of an invasive biopsy and subsequent histological examination. Early and sensitive biomarkers of graft damage and alloimmunity are needed to identify graft injury and eventually limit the need for a kidney biopsy. Moreover, other scenarios such as delayed graft function or interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy face the same problem. In recent years, interest has grown around extracellular vesicles, specifically exosomes actively secreted by immune cells, which are intercellular communicators and have shown biological significance. This review presents their potential as biomarkers in kidney transplantation and alloimmunity.
抗体介导的排斥反应是导致肾移植功能障碍的主要原因。诊断该疾病需要进行有创性活检和随后的组织学检查。需要寻找早期、敏感的移植物损伤和同种异体免疫标志物，以识别移植物损伤，并最终限制进行肾活检的需要。此外，其他情况如延迟移植物功能或间质纤维化和肾小管萎缩也面临同样的问题。近年来，细胞外囊泡（特别是免疫细胞主动分泌的外泌体）引起了人们的兴趣，它们是细胞间的通讯者，并显示出生物学意义。这篇综述介绍了它们在肾移植和同种异体免疫中的作为生物标志物的潜力。
