Krantz Mette Falkenberg, Frederiksen Hanne, Hjorthøj Carsten, Søndergaard Anne, Brandt Julie Marie, Rohd Sinnika Birkehøj, Veddum Lotte, Steffensen Nanna Lawaetz, Knudsen Christina Bruun, Andreasen Anna Krogh, Hemager Nicoline, Burton Birgitte Klee, Gregersen Maja, Greve Aja Neergaard, Ohland Jessica, Bliksted Vibeke, Mors Ole, Thorup Anne A E, Juul Anders, Nordentoft Merete
CORE- Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
iPSYCH -The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Denmark.
Compr Psychoneuroendocrinol. 2023 Aug 23;16:100204. doi: 10.1016/j.cpnec.2023.100204. eCollection 2023 Nov.
Children of parents with severe mental illness have several known risk factors for altered pubertal timing. Pubertal timing is important for children's physical and emotional development. We aimed to examine pubertal timing and associations between pubertal timing, early life adversity and child problem behavior including psychiatric diagnoses among children of parents with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder and controls.
Self-reported Tanner stage (mean age 11.9, range 10.87-12.67), sex hormone levels, home environment, placement out of home, and problem behavior including psychiatric diagnoses of children at familial high-risk (FHR) of schizophrenia (FHR-SZ), bipolar disorder (FHR-BP) and population-based controls (PBC) were assessed.
A total of 465 children participated in the study (Tanner assessment N = 417, sex hormones N = 293). Assessed with self-reported Tanner, no difference in pubertal timing was found between groups (p = 0.09). Hormone levels did not differ between groups except for inhibin B (mean (SD) = 55.86 (29.13) pg/mL for FHR-SZ girls vs 84.98 (47.98) pg/mL) for PBC girls (p < 0.001)) and for follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) (mean (SD) = 5.82 (1.45) U/L for FHR-BP girls vs 4.54 (1.68) U/L for PBC girls (p < 0.001)). FHR children who were placed out of home (17 children, 3.8% of participants) had higher Tanner stages than those living at home (p < 0.001). Timing was not associated with level of problem behavior or psychiatric diagnoses.
FHR children did not differ from controls in pubertal timing. Early life adversity assessed as placement out of home may be associated with accelerated pubertal timing among children of parents with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder.
父母患有严重精神疾病的儿童存在几个已知的青春期发育时间改变的风险因素。青春期发育时间对儿童的身体和情感发展很重要。我们旨在研究青春期发育时间，以及青春期发育时间、早期生活逆境与父母患有精神分裂症或双相情感障碍的儿童及对照组儿童的问题行为（包括精神疾病诊断）之间的关联。
评估了自我报告的坦纳分期（平均年龄11.9岁，范围10.87 - 12.67岁）、性激素水平、家庭环境、家庭外安置情况，以及精神分裂症家族高风险（FHR - SZ）、双相情感障碍家族高风险（FHR - BP）儿童和基于人群的对照组（PBC）儿童的问题行为（包括精神疾病诊断）。
共有465名儿童参与了研究（坦纳评估n = 417，性激素检测n = 293）。通过自我报告的坦纳分期评估，各组之间青春期发育时间没有差异（p = 0.09）。除抑制素B外，各组之间的激素水平没有差异（FHR - SZ组女孩平均（标准差）= 55.86（29.13）pg/mL，PBC组女孩为84.98（47.98）pg/mL，p < 0.001），以及促卵泡生成素（FSH）（FHR - BP组女孩平均（标准差）= 5.82（1.45）U/L，PBC组女孩为4.54（1.68）U/L，p < 0.001）。家庭外安置的FHR儿童（17名儿童，占参与者的3.8%）的坦纳分期高于居家儿童（p < 0.001）。发育时间与问题行为水平或精神疾病诊断无关。
FHR儿童与对照组在青春期发育时间上没有差异。作为家庭外安置所评估的早期生活逆境可能与父母患有精神分裂症或双相情感障碍的儿童青春期发育加速有关。
