Minaguchi Takeo, Shikama Ayumi, Akiyama Azusa, Satoh Toyomi
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
Oncol Lett. 2023 Aug 17;26(4):426. doi: 10.3892/ol.2023.14012. eCollection 2023 Oct.
Prominent recent advancements in cancer treatment include the development and clinical application of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies, alongside a diverse array of novel molecular targeting therapeutics. NGS has enabled the high-speed and low-cost sequencing of whole genomes in individual patients, which has opened the era of genome-based precision medicine. The development of numerous molecular targeting agents, including anti-VEGF antibodies, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors, have all improved the efficacy of systemic cancer therapy. Accumulating bench and translational research evidence has led to identification of various cancer-related biomarker profiles. In particular, companion diagnostics have been developed for some of these biomarkers, which can be clinically applied and are now widely used for guiding cancer therapies. Selecting biomarkers accurately will improve therapeutic efficacy, avoid overtreatment, enable earlier diagnosis and reduce the cost of preventing and treating gynecological cancer. Therefore, biomarkers are fast becoming indispensable tools in the practice of genome-directed precision medicine. In the present review, the current evidence of cancer-related biomarkers in the field of gynecological oncology, their molecular interpretations and future perspectives are outlined. The aim of the present review is to provide potentially useful information for the formulation of clinical trials.
癌症治疗领域近期的显著进展包括新一代测序（NGS）技术的研发与临床应用，以及一系列新型分子靶向治疗药物。NGS使得对个体患者的全基因组进行高速、低成本测序成为可能，从而开启了基于基因组的精准医学时代。众多分子靶向药物的研发，包括抗血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）抗体、聚（ADP - 核糖）聚合酶抑制剂和免疫检查点抑制剂，均提高了全身性癌症治疗的疗效。越来越多的基础和转化研究证据促使人们识别出各种癌症相关的生物标志物谱。特别是，针对其中一些生物标志物开发了伴随诊断方法，这些方法可应用于临床，目前广泛用于指导癌症治疗。准确选择生物标志物将提高治疗效果，避免过度治疗，实现早期诊断并降低妇科癌症的防治成本。因此，生物标志物正迅速成为基因组导向精准医学实践中不可或缺的工具。在本综述中，概述了妇科肿瘤学领域中癌症相关生物标志物的现有证据、它们的分子解读及未来展望。本综述的目的是为临床试验的制定提供潜在有用的信息。
