Disparity vergence dynamics and fixation disparity.

The initial velocity of the vergence response to step changes in disparity was examined in two subjects as a function of the retinal locus and spatial frequency of fusion stimuli. Vergence velocity decreased for both subjects as retinal eccentricity increased and it was unaffected by spatial frequency. The same subjects had very different amounts of fixation disparity (FD). The flat forced duction FD curve for one subject who had rapid vergence adaptation remained unaffected by these two stimulus variables. In contrast, the steep forced duction FD curve for the other subject became steeper as retinal eccentricity and target coarseness increased. These results suggest that prism adaptation overshadows the effects of disparity vergence dynamics upon FD, but in the absence of adaptation, two dynamic properties of vergence (velocity and decay during occlusion) determine the slope of the peripheral limits of the forced duction FD curves. The results also suggest that the vergence system is more sensitive to small disparities subtended by high than low spatial frequency detail. We recommend that the slope of the extreme limits of the forced duction curve be used clinically to discriminate between normal and abnormal disparity vergence dynamics.