Noor Research Center for Ophthalmic Epidemiology, Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran.
Noor Ophthalmology Research Center, Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran.
Sci Rep. 2023 Sep 4;13(1):14498. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-41827-6.
To compare the anterior segment indices between mentally retarded and normal children. The current study was conducted as a cohort. In this study, 73 mentally retarded and 76 normal children were selected from normal school and special schools for mentally retarded children using random cluster sampling method. Mental retardation in children was confirmed by a psychologist. Optometry examinations including visual acuity and refraction were performed for all participants, and ultimately, corneal imaging measurements were taken by Pentacam. The mean age of mentally retarded and normal children was of 13.30 ± 1.83 and 13.05 ± 1.82 years, respectively (P = 0.180). A multiple generalized estimating equations model demonstrated that there is a significant association between central corneal thickness (CCT) (coef = 1.011, P < 0.001), corneal diameter (CD) (coef = 0.444, P = 0.046), anterior chamber depth (ACD) (coef = 0.23), P < 0.001) and index of vertical asymmetry (IVA) (coef = 0.12, P < 0.001) and mental retardation. Cerebral palsy children had higher keratoconus index (KI), central keratoconus index (CKI), index of height asymmetry(IHA), and index of height decentration (IHD) compared to those without cerebral palsy (P < 0.05). Children with moderate mental retardation had higher index of surface variance (ISV), IVA, IHA, and IHD than those with mild mental retardation (P < 0.05). The mean and standard deviation of CCT, CD, ACD and IVA index in mentally retarded children were 535.3 ± 46.68 micron, 11.87 ± 0.42 mm, 3.29 ± 0.24 mm and 0.25 ± 0.18 mm, respectively. These indices in the normal group were 525.53 ± 47.52 micron, 11.84 ± 0.38 mm, 3.15 ± 0.28 mm and 0.17 ± 0.05 mm, respectively. The findings of this study showed that some anterior segment indices were different in mentally retarded compared to normal children. Moreover, some keratoconus indicators were worse in cerebral palsy children and children with higher grade mental retardation. So, it is important to consider keratoconus screening in these children.
比较智障儿童和正常儿童的眼前节指数。本研究采用队列研究。本研究采用随机整群抽样方法，从正常学校和特殊学校的智障儿童中选取 73 名智障儿童和 76 名正常儿童。儿童的智力障碍由心理学家确认。对所有参与者进行包括视力和屈光度在内的验光检查，最终通过 Pentacam 进行角膜成像测量。智障儿童和正常儿童的平均年龄分别为 13.30±1.83 岁和 13.05±1.82 岁（P=0.180）。多广义估计方程模型表明，中央角膜厚度（CCT）（系数=1.011，P<0.001）、角膜直径（CD）（系数=0.444，P=0.046）、前房深度（ACD）（系数=0.23，P<0.001）和垂直不对称指数（IVA）（系数=0.12，P<0.001）与智力障碍之间存在显著相关性。脑瘫儿童的圆锥角膜指数（KI）、中央圆锥角膜指数（CKI）、高度不对称指数（IHA）和高度偏心指数（IHD）均高于无脑瘫儿童（P<0.05）。中度智障儿童的表面变异指数（ISV）、IVA、IHA 和 IHD 均高于轻度智障儿童（P<0.05）。智障儿童的 CCT、CD、ACD 和 IVA 指数的平均值和标准差分别为 535.3±46.68 微米、11.87±0.42 毫米、3.29±0.24 毫米和 0.25±0.18 毫米。正常组的 CCT、CD、ACD 和 IVA 指数的平均值和标准差分别为 525.53±47.52 微米、11.84±0.38 毫米、3.15±0.28 毫米和 0.17±0.05 毫米。本研究结果表明，智障儿童与正常儿童相比，一些眼前节指数存在差异。此外，脑瘫儿童和高等级智力障碍儿童的一些圆锥角膜指标更差。因此，对这些儿童进行圆锥角膜筛查很重要。
