Industry and Information Technology Bureau of Hinggan League, Ulanhot City, 137400, China.
School of Insurance and Economics, University of International Business and Economics, Beijing, 100029, China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2023 Oct;30(46):102374-102388. doi: 10.1007/s11356-023-29514-5. Epub 2023 Sep 4.
Environmental degradation rates have been on a concerning upward trajectory in recent decades, directly threatening the well-being of global populations. Responding to this urgent matter, scholars have been driven to explore its nuances, particularly emphasizing lowering energy consumption and carbon emissions amidst the growing demands of growing economies. Achieving the targets outlined in the 2015 Paris Climate Agreement has also become a priority for many countries. Therefore, this study scrutinizes the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis, specifically focusing on the role of energy productivity, technological advancement, and human capital in fostering a sustainable environment across 35 OECD economies from 1990 to 2018. Utilizing three robust econometric techniques, Cross-Sectional Autoregressive Distributed Lag (CS-ARDL), Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS), and Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS), we have drawn insightful conclusions from our data. The analysis substantiates an N-shaped EKC hypothesis relationship between GDP and CO emissions, pointing towards an initially increasing, then decreasing, and finally an increasing again trend of emissions with GDP. Furthermore, the long-term projections underscore that energy productivity, technological progression, and human capital formation harm the environment. These findings culminate in a call for governments to orchestrate extensive plans and initiatives. This involves promoting green technologies, renewable energy-based ideas, and comprehensive education and awareness programs. These efforts should span all educational levels, highlighting climate change, sustainable practices, and the need for CO reduction, empowering societies to contribute to a sustainable future.
环境恶化速率在近几十年呈令人担忧的上升趋势，直接威胁到全球人口的福祉。为应对这一紧迫问题，学者们深入研究其细节，特别是强调在经济增长需求不断增长的情况下降低能源消耗和碳排放。实现 2015 年《巴黎气候协定》中的目标也已成为许多国家的优先事项。因此，本研究深入探讨了环境库兹涅茨曲线（EKC）假说，特别关注能源生产力、技术进步和人力资本在促进 1990 年至 2018 年间 35 个经合组织经济体可持续环境方面的作用。我们利用三种稳健的计量经济学技术——横截面自回归分布滞后（CS-ARDL）、全修正最小二乘法（FMOLS）和动态最小二乘法（DOLS）——从数据中得出了有见地的结论。分析证实了 GDP 和 CO2 排放之间存在 N 型 EKC 假说关系，表明排放与 GDP 之间存在先增加、后减少、再增加的趋势。此外，长期预测强调了能源生产力、技术进步和人力资本形成对环境的危害。这些发现最终呼吁政府制定广泛的计划和倡议。这涉及推广绿色技术、基于可再生能源的理念以及全面的教育和意识计划。这些努力应涵盖所有教育层次，强调气候变化、可持续实践以及减少 CO2 的必要性，使社会有能力为可持续的未来做出贡献。
