Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Hucknall Road, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK.
Centre for Primary Care & Health Services Research, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
BMC Cancer. 2023 Sep 4;23(1):820. doi: 10.1186/s12885-023-11300-8.
Global annual cancer incidence is forecast to rise to 27.5 M by 2040, a 62% increase from 2018. For most cancers, prevention and early detection are the most effective ways of reducing mortality. This study maps trials in cancer screening, prevention, and early diagnosis (SPED) to identify areas of unmet need and highlight research priorities.
A systematic mapping review was conducted to evaluate all clinical trials focused on cancer SPED, irrespective of tumour type. The National Cancer Research Institute (NCRI) portfolio, EMBASE, PubMed and Medline were searched for relevant papers published between 01/01/2007 and 01/04/2020. References were exported into Covidence software and double-screened. Data were extracted and mapped according to tumour site, geographical location, and intervention type.
One hundred seventeen thousand seven hundred one abstracts were screened, 5157 full texts reviewed, and 2888 studies included. 1184 (52%) trials focussed on screening, 554 (24%) prevention, 442 (20%) early diagnosis, and 85 (4%) a combination. Colorectal, breast, and cervical cancer comprised 61% of all studies compared with 6.4% in lung and 1.8% in liver cancer. The latter two are responsible for 26.3% of global cancer deaths compared with 19.3% for the former three. Number of studies varied markedly according to geographical location; 88% were based in North America, Europe, or Asia.
This study shows clear disparities in the volume of research conducted across different tumour types and according to geographical location. These findings will help drive future research effort so that resources can be directed towards major challenges in cancer SPED.
预计到 2040 年，全球每年的癌症发病率将上升至 2750 万，比 2018 年增加 62%。对于大多数癌症来说，预防和早期发现是降低死亡率的最有效方法。本研究通过对癌症筛查、预防和早期诊断（SPED）的试验进行制图，以确定未满足的需求领域，并突出研究重点。
进行了系统的制图审查，以评估所有专注于癌症 SPED 的临床试验，无论肿瘤类型如何。从 2007 年 1 月 1 日至 2020 年 4 月 1 日，检索了国家癌症研究所（NCRI）投资组合、EMBASE、PubMed 和 Medline 中相关的论文。将参考文献导出到 Covidence 软件中并进行双屏幕筛选。根据肿瘤部位、地理位置和干预类型提取和映射数据。
筛选了 11.771 个摘要，审查了 5157 篇全文，并纳入了 2888 项研究。1184 项（52%）试验集中在筛查，554 项（24%）预防，442 项（20%）早期诊断，85 项（4%）综合。结直肠癌、乳腺癌和宫颈癌占所有研究的 61%，而肺癌占 6.4%，肝癌占 1.8%。后两者导致全球癌症死亡的 26.3%，而前三者导致 19.3%。根据地理位置，研究数量差异显著；88%的研究基于北美、欧洲或亚洲。
本研究表明，不同肿瘤类型和地理位置的研究数量存在明显差异。这些发现将有助于推动未来的研究工作，以便将资源集中用于癌症 SPED 的重大挑战上。
