Lindauer M S
Am J Psychol. 1986 Summer;99(2):233-55.
Physiognomic color responses in perception, imagery, and affect were investigated. Maluma and taketa, nonsense stimuli defined by many investigators as physiognomic, were utilized as prototypical physiognomic stimuli, along with eight other stimuli of various sorts. In Experiment 1, 22 subjects matched the colors of the stimuli; in Experiment 2, 27 subjects reported their imagery to the stimuli; and in Experiment 3, 16 subjects gave their color preferences for the stimuli. The Munsell sets of colors were employed throughout. Significant differences between the physiognomic and other stimuli were found on the brightness and saturation of color matches, images, and preferences. Other differences (e.g., the latency of color images) were also present. Distinctions were also noted between the two physiognomic stimuli. These results support the priority of innate and perceptual processes in physiognomy over those of learning and memory, although some ambiguities still remain.
研究了感知、意象和情感中的相貌颜色反应。许多研究者将马鲁马（Maluma）和塔凯塔（Taketa）定义为相貌性的无意义刺激，与其他八种不同类型的刺激一起用作典型的相貌刺激。在实验1中，22名受试者匹配刺激的颜色；在实验2中，27名受试者报告对刺激的意象；在实验3中，16名受试者给出对刺激的颜色偏好。整个过程都使用了孟塞尔色系。在颜色匹配、意象和偏好的亮度和饱和度方面，发现相貌刺激与其他刺激之间存在显著差异。还存在其他差异（例如，颜色意象的潜伏期）。两种相貌刺激之间也有区别。这些结果支持了相貌中先天和感知过程优先于学习和记忆过程的观点，尽管仍存在一些模糊之处。
