Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona (Navarra), Spain.
Department of Environmental Health, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston (Massachusetts), USA.
Nutr Rev. 2024 Jun 10;82(7):849-860. doi: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad107.
Despite the large number of studies published to date, the effect of lifestyle-based interventions on improving adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) in young people has not been meta-analyzed.
The aim of the present systematic review and meta-analysis was two-fold: (1) to determine the pooled intervention effects of lifestyle-based interventions on improving adherence to the MedDiet in a young population aged 3 years-18 years and (2) to examine the potential factors related to those intervention effects.
A systematic search of the MEDLINE (via PubMed), Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases was performed from their inception until June 15, 2023.
Different meta-analyses were independently performed to observe the effect of lifestyle-based interventions on adherence to the MedDiet (according to the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index in children and adolescents [KIDMED]).
Compared with the control group, the intervention group showed a small increase in KIDMED score (d = .27; 95% confidence interval [CI], .11 to .43; P < .001; I2 = 89.7%). Similarly, participants in the lifestyle-based intervention groups had a 14% higher probability of achieving optimal adherence to the MedDiet (risk difference = .14; 95% CI, .02 to .26; P = .023; I2 = 96.8%). Greater improvements in achieving optimal adherence to the MedDiet were found in interventions delivered out of school (risk difference = .24, 95% CI, .04 to .44; I2 = 88.4%), those aimed at parents or at both children and parents (risk difference = .20, 95% CI, .07 to .34; I2 = 98.2%), and those including only participants with overweight/obesity (risk difference = .34, 95% CI, .15 to .52; I2 = .0%).
Healthy lifestyle-based interventions seem to be effective in increasing adherence to the MedDiet and in achieving optimal adherence to this dietary pattern among children and adolescents.
PROSPERO registration no. CRD2022369409.
尽管迄今为止已经发表了大量研究，但生活方式干预对改善年轻人地中海饮食（MedDiet）依从性的效果尚未进行荟萃分析。
本系统评价和荟萃分析的目的有两个：（1）确定生活方式干预对改善 3 至 18 岁年轻人群地中海饮食依从性的综合干预效果；（2）探讨与这些干预效果相关的潜在因素。
从成立到 2023 年 6 月 15 日，对 MEDLINE（通过 PubMed）、Scopus、Cochrane 图书馆和 Web of Science 数据库进行了系统搜索。
分别进行了不同的荟萃分析，以观察生活方式干预对地中海饮食依从性（根据儿童和青少年地中海饮食质量指数 [KIDMED]）的影响。
与对照组相比，干预组 KIDMED 评分略有增加（d=0.27；95%置信区间 [CI]，0.11 至 0.43；P<0.001；I2=89.7%）。同样，生活方式干预组的参与者实现地中海饮食最佳依从的可能性增加了 14%（风险差异=0.14；95%CI，0.02 至 0.26；P=0.023；I2=96.8%）。在校外进行的干预（风险差异=0.24，95%CI，0.04 至 0.44；I2=88.4%）、针对儿童和父母的干预（风险差异=0.20，95%CI，0.07 至 0.34；I2=98.2%）以及仅包括超重/肥胖参与者的干预（风险差异=0.34，95%CI，0.15 至 0.52；I2=0.0%）更能提高实现地中海饮食最佳依从的效果。
健康的生活方式干预似乎能有效提高儿童和青少年对地中海饮食的依从性，并能实现对这种饮食模式的最佳依从。
PROSPERO 注册号 CRD2022369409。
