Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne.
Institute for Sport, Physical Activity & Leisure, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds.
J Hypertens. 2021 Apr 1;39(4):729-739. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000002667.
To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis investigating effects of MedDiet on blood pressure in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and associations of MedDiet with risk of hypertension in observational studies.
PubMed, The Cochrane Library and EBSCOhost were searched from inception until January 2020 for studies that met the following criteria: participants aged at least 18 years, RCTs investigating effects of a MedDiet versus control on BP, observational studies exploring associations between MedDiet adherence and risk of hypertension. Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted. Meta-regression and subgroup analyses were performed for RCTs to identify potential effect moderators.
Nineteen RCTs reporting data on 4137 participants and 16 observational studies reporting data on 59 001 participants were included in the meta-analysis. MedDiet interventions reduced SBP and DBP by a mean -1.4 mmHg (95% CI: -2.40 to -0.39 mmHg, P = 0.007, I2 = 53.5%, Q = 44.7, τ2 = 1.65, df = 19) and -1.5 mmHg (95% CI: -2.74 to -0.32 mmHg, P = 0.013, I2 = 71.5%, Q = 51.6, τ2 = 4.72, df = 19) versus control, respectively. Meta-regression revealed that longer study duration and higher baseline SBP was associated with a greater decrease in BP, in response to a MedDiet (P < 0.05). In observational studies, odds of developing hypertension were 13% lower with higher versus lower MedDiet adherence (95% CI: 0.78--0.98, P = 0.017, I2 = 69.6%, Q = 41.1, τ2 = 0.03, df = 17).
Data suggest that MedDiet is an effective dietary strategy to aid BP control, which may contribute towards the lower risk of CVD reported with this dietary pattern. This study was registered with PROSPERO: CRD42019125073.
系统评价和荟萃分析调查地中海饮食对随机对照试验（RCT）中血压的影响，以及地中海饮食与观察性研究中高血压风险的相关性。
从建库到 2020 年 1 月，在 PubMed、The Cochrane Library 和 EBSCOhost 上搜索符合以下标准的研究：参与者年龄至少 18 岁，RCT 研究调查了地中海饮食与对照饮食对血压的影响，观察性研究探索了地中海饮食依从性与高血压风险之间的关系。进行了随机效应荟萃分析。对 RCT 进行了荟萃回归和亚组分析，以确定潜在的效应调节因素。
荟萃分析纳入了 19 项 RCT，涉及 4137 名参与者，16 项观察性研究，涉及 59001 名参与者。地中海饮食干预使 SBP 和 DBP 平均降低 1.4mmHg（95% CI：-2.40 至-0.39mmHg，P=0.007，I2=53.5%，Q=44.7，τ2=1.65，df=19）和 1.5mmHg（95% CI：-2.74 至-0.32mmHg，P=0.013，I2=71.5%，Q=51.6，τ2=4.72，df=19），与对照组相比。荟萃回归显示，研究持续时间更长和基线 SBP 更高与地中海饮食干预后血压下降幅度更大相关（P<0.05）。在观察性研究中，与低地中海饮食依从性相比，高地中海饮食依从性发生高血压的风险降低 13%（95% CI：0.78-0.98，P=0.017，I2=69.6%，Q=41.1，τ2=0.03，df=17）。
数据表明，地中海饮食是一种有效的饮食策略，可以帮助控制血压，这可能有助于解释这种饮食模式与心血管疾病风险降低有关。本研究已在 PROSPERO 注册：CRD42019125073。
