Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
Department of Nanotechnology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
Talanta. 2024 Jan 15;267:125121. doi: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125121. Epub 2023 Sep 1.
The use of pesticides plays an essential role in improving crop quality and yield, however, it causes air, water, and soil pollution and the residue of these pesticides in agricultural products threatens the ecosystem and human life. Therefore, it is highly desirable to develop rapid, simple, and cost-effective methods for regular monitoring of pesticide residues in agricultural products especially strawberry that is consumed fresh and unpeeled. In this study, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) of varying sizes have been exploited as sensing units to design a non-enzymatic colorimetric sensor array for the detection and discrimination of various pesticides including; bifenazate (BF), paraquat (PQ), diazinon (DZ), thiometon (TM), and carbendazim (CD) and chlorpyrifos (CP). Because of their strong size- and environmentally-dependent properties, AuNPs with different sizes produced distinguished plasmonic patterns in the presence of pesticides at a vast range of concentrations (25-800 ng mL). Plasmonic patterns of sensor units have been analyzed by various data visualization (bar plots and heat maps) and pattern recognition methods (linear discriminant analysis (LDA)). The multivariate calibrations showed linear responses ranging from 50 to 800 ng mL for carbendazim, chlorpyrifos, paraquat, and bifenazate and 25-800 ng mL for diazinon and thiometon. The limit of detection (LOD) was calculated to be 17.7, 22.8, 22.4, 9.7, 7.4, and 23.8 ng mL for carbendazim, chlorpyrifos, paraquat, diazinon, thiometon, and bifenazate respectively. Finally, the applicability of the designed sensor was evaluated in real samples comprising tap water, well water, soil, and fruit, leave, drainage water, and culture substrate of strawberry.
农药的使用在提高作物质量和产量方面发挥着重要作用，然而，它也会导致空气、水和土壤污染，而这些农药在农产品中的残留则威胁着生态系统和人类生命。因此，开发快速、简单、经济高效的方法来定期监测农产品中的农药残留，特别是草莓，这是一种新鲜食用且未去皮的水果，是非常可取的。在本研究中，不同尺寸的金纳米粒子（AuNPs）被用作传感单元，设计了一种非酶比色传感器阵列，用于检测和区分各种农药，包括：联苯肼酯（BF）、百草枯（PQ）、二嗪磷（DZ）、噻虫啉（TM）和多菌灵（CD）以及毒死蜱（CP）。由于 AuNPs 具有强烈的尺寸和环境依赖性，因此在不同浓度（25-800 ng mL）的农药存在下，不同尺寸的 AuNPs 会产生不同的等离子体图案。通过各种数据可视化（条形图和热图）和模式识别方法（线性判别分析（LDA））分析传感器单元的等离子体图案。多元校准显示，多菌灵、毒死蜱、百草枯和联苯肼酯的线性响应范围为 50-800 ng mL，二嗪磷和噻虫啉的线性响应范围为 25-800 ng mL。检测限（LOD）分别计算为多菌灵、毒死蜱、百草枯、二嗪磷、噻虫啉和联苯肼酯的 17.7、22.8、22.4、9.7、7.4 和 23.8 ng mL。最后，评估了设计的传感器在实际样品中的适用性，包括自来水、井水、土壤和草莓的水果、叶子、排水水和培养基质。
