Andrei Graciela, Snoeck Robert
Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2023 Oct;44(10):719-739. doi: 10.1016/j.tips.2023.08.003. Epub 2023 Sep 4.
Since May 2022, mpox virus (MPXV) has attracted considerable attention due to a multi-country outbreak. Marked differences in epidemiology, transmission, and pathology between the 2022 global mpox outbreak (clade IIb) and classical mpox disease, endemic in Africa (clades I and IIa) have been highlighted. MPXV genome analysis has identified the genomic changes characterizing clade IIb and the drivers of MPXV rapid evolution. Although mpox cases have largely declined, MPXV cryptic transmission and microevolution continues, which may lead to an MPXV of unpredictable pathogenicity. Vaccines and antivirals developed against variola virus, the agent that caused the extinguished plague smallpox, have been used to contain the 2022 mpox outbreak. In this review article, recent findings on MPXV origin and evolution and relevant models able to recapitulate differences in MPXV pathogenicity, which are important for drug and vaccine development, are discussed.
自2022年5月以来，猴痘病毒（MPXV）因多国爆发而备受关注。2022年全球猴痘疫情（分支IIb）与非洲流行的经典猴痘疾病（分支I和IIa）在流行病学、传播和病理学方面存在显著差异。MPXV基因组分析已确定了表征分支IIb的基因组变化以及MPXV快速进化的驱动因素。尽管猴痘病例已大幅下降，但MPXV的隐匿传播和微进化仍在继续，这可能导致具有不可预测致病性的MPXV出现。针对已灭绝的天花瘟疫病原体天花病毒研发的疫苗和抗病毒药物已被用于控制2022年的猴痘疫情。在这篇综述文章中，我们讨论了关于MPXV起源和进化的最新发现以及能够概括MPXV致病性差异的相关模型，这些对于药物和疫苗开发很重要。
