Chrononutrition Research Group, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil.
Hospital and Municipal Maternity of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil.
J Am Nutr Assoc. 2024 Mar-Apr;43(3):236-243. doi: 10.1080/27697061.2023.2255244. Epub 2023 Sep 7.
The field of chrononutrition suggests that mealtime can influence food intake. Previous studies have linked the caloric midpoint - defined as the time at which 50% of the daily energy is consumed - with different aspects of food consumption. However, its relationship with food craving remains unexplored. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the association between caloric midpoint, food craving, and food consumption in pregnant women. The study comprised 233 pregnant women classified as early eaters (caloric midpoint ≤ 1:00pm) and late eaters (caloric midpoint >1:00pm). Food craving were assessed using Food Craving Trait and State Questionnaires. Energy and nutrient intake, as well as mealtimes, were assessed using a 24-h food recall. No association between caloric midpoint and food craving was found. However, late eaters consumed more calories (2039.47 kcal vs 1843.44 kcal; < 0.001), carbohydrates (255.06 g vs 211.12 g; = 0.002), total fat (73.1 g vs 64.8 g; = 0.003), monounsaturated fat (21.33 mg vs 18.59 mg; = 0.002) and saturated fat (24.37 mg vs 22.21 mh; = 0.01) and had higher consumption of calories and macronutrients in the first (calories: 275.63 vs 213.41, = 0.007; carbohydrate: 170.42 vs 142.54, = 0.01; total fat: 56.49 vs 50.17, = 0.04) and second (calories: 213.21 vs 151.59, = 0.04; carbohydrate: 130.44 vs 96.6, = 0.04; protein: 15.17 vs 13.71, = 0.03) afternoon snack, dinner (calories: 576.89 vs 412.4, < 0.001; carbohydrate: 230.76 vs 169.45, < 0.001; protein: 80.48 vs 68.9, = 0.02; total fat: 212.77 vs 147.12, < 0.001) and late-night snack (calories: 135.75 vs 68.3, = 0.04; total fat: 13.23 vs 22.45, = 0.04) than early eaters. Pregnant women who concentrate their meals at later times consumed more calories, macro and micronutrients throughout the day and in the night meals when compared to early eaters.
时间营养领域表明，进餐时间会影响食物摄入量。之前的研究已经将卡路里中点（定义为消耗的日能量的 50%时的时间）与食物消耗的不同方面联系起来。然而，它与食物渴望的关系仍未得到探索。这项横断面研究旨在调查孕妇的卡路里中点、食物渴望和食物消耗之间的关系。研究包括 233 名孕妇，分为早期进食者（卡路里中点≤1:00pm）和晚期进食者（卡路里中点>1:00pm）。使用食物渴望特质和状态问卷评估食物渴望。使用 24 小时食物回忆评估能量和营养素摄入以及进餐时间。未发现卡路里中点与食物渴望之间存在关联。然而，晚期进食者摄入的卡路里（2039.47 千卡 vs 1843.44 千卡； < 0.001）、碳水化合物（255.06 克 vs 211.12 克； = 0.002）、总脂肪（73.1 克 vs 64.8 克； = 0.003）、单不饱和脂肪（21.33 毫克 vs 18.59 毫克； = 0.002）和饱和脂肪（24.37 毫克 vs 22.21 毫克； = 0.01）更多，并且在第一（卡路里：275.63 千卡 vs 213.41 千卡； = 0.007；碳水化合物：170.42 克 vs 142.54 克； = 0.01；总脂肪：56.49 克 vs 50.17 克； = 0.04）和第二（卡路里：213.21 千卡 vs 151.59 千卡； = 0.04；碳水化合物：130.44 克 vs 96.6 克； = 0.04；蛋白质：15.17 克 vs 13.71 克； = 0.03）下午零食、晚餐（卡路里：576.89 千卡 vs 412.4 千卡； < 0.001；碳水化合物：230.76 克 vs 169.45 克； < 0.001；蛋白质：80.48 克 vs 68.9 克； = 0.02；总脂肪：212.77 克 vs 147.12 克； < 0.001）和深夜小吃（卡路里：135.75 千卡 vs 68.3 千卡； = 0.04；总脂肪：13.23 克 vs 22.45 克； = 0.04）比早期进食者多。与早期进食者相比，集中在较晚时间进食的孕妇全天和夜间进食时摄入的卡路里、宏量和微量营养素更多。
