Graduate Program of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia 38400-902, Brazil.
Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, 3100 Marine Street, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
Nutrients. 2022 May 25;14(11):2202. doi: 10.3390/nu14112202.
The aim of the study was to investigate whether time-related eating patterns are associated with the daily intake of calories and macronutrients in Brazilian male military police officers (n = 81; 29-day and 52-night workers; mean age: 36.4 ± 0.9 and 38.5 ± 0.7 years, respectively). Energy and macronutrient intake were determined by a non-consecutive 3-day food recall. Time-related eating patterns, such as the time of the first and the last meals, eating duration, and caloric midpoint, were evaluated. Individuals were classified as “early” or “late” eaters according to the median caloric midpoint. Night shift workers showed a later eating time for the last meal (p < 0.001), longer eating duration (p < 0.001), and later caloric midpoint (p = 0.037) than day workers. Late eaters from both workgroups consumed more 24 h energy (p = 0.028), fat in calories (p = 0.006) and protein (calories: p < 0.001; percentage of total calories: p = 0.042), and less carbohydrates in calories (p = 0.010) intake than early eaters. The time of the first meal was negatively correlated with 24 h energy (p = 0.024) and carbohydrate (p = 0.031) intake only in day workers. The time of the last meal was positively correlated with 24 h energy (day workers: β = 0.352; p = 0.044; night workers: β = 0.424; p = 0.002) and protein (day workers: β = 0.451; p = 0.013; night workers: β = 0.536; p < 0.001) intake for both shift workers, and with carbohydrate (β = 0.346; p = 0.016) and fat (β = 0.286; p = 0.042) intake only in night workers. Eating duration was positively correlated with energy (day workers: β = 0.473; p = 0.004; night workers: β = 0.320; p = 0.023) and carbohydrate (day workers: β = 0.418; p = 0.011; night workers: β = 0.364; p = 0.010) intake in both groups. Thus, time-related eating patterns indicative of intake later at night are associated with increased daily energy and macronutrient intake.
这项研究的目的是调查时间相关的进食模式是否与巴西男性军警人员（n=81；29 天和 52 晚工作者；平均年龄：36.4±0.9 和 38.5±0.7 岁）的每日卡路里和宏量营养素摄入量有关。通过非连续 3 天的食物回忆来确定能量和宏量营养素的摄入量。根据热量中点的中位数，评估了时间相关的进食模式，如第一餐和最后一餐的时间、进食时间和热量中点。根据热量中点，将个体分为“早”或“晚”进食者。夜班工人的最后一餐时间较晚（p<0.001），进食时间较长（p<0.001），热量中点较晚（p=0.037）。两组夜班工人的晚食者 24 小时能量（p=0.028）、脂肪热量（p=0.006）和蛋白质（热量：p<0.001；总热量百分比：p=0.042）摄入较多，碳水化合物热量（p=0.010）摄入较少。第一餐的时间与 24 小时能量（p=0.024）和碳水化合物（p=0.031）仅在白班工人中呈负相关。最后一餐的时间与 24 小时能量（白班工人：β=0.352；p=0.044；夜班工人：β=0.424；p=0.002）和蛋白质（白班工人：β=0.451；p=0.013；夜班工人：β=0.536；p<0.001）摄入呈正相关，仅在夜班工人中与碳水化合物（β=0.346；p=0.016）和脂肪（β=0.286；p=0.042）摄入呈正相关。进食时间与能量呈正相关（白班工人：β=0.473；p=0.004；夜班工人：β=0.320；p=0.023）和碳水化合物（白班工人：β=0.418；p=0.011；夜班工人：β=0.364；p=0.010）在两组中均呈正相关。因此，夜间进食时间晚的时间相关进食模式与每日能量和宏量营养素摄入增加有关。
