Direct-to-Consumer Genomic Testing Through an Ethics Lens: Oncology Nursing Considerations.

BACKGROUND

The use of direct-to-consumer genomic testing (DTCGT) is increasing, but this testing may not be comprehensive and may lack clinical validity and utility. The ethical constructs of beneficence, nonmaleficence, justice, and autonomy provide a framework for coordinating the care of patients and their families.

OBJECTIVES

This article provides an overview of the DTCGT process and reviews the ethical implications that affect clinical care.

METHODS

A review of the literature was conducted using the following key words: genetics/genomics and direct-to-consumer testing. Common themes were identified, including test types, regulatory standards, marketing practices, ethics, privacy, and nursing implications.

FINDINGS

An increased awareness of the clinical and ethical consequences of DTCGT is needed among healthcare providers and the general population. Oncology nurses can assist patients in navigating the field of genomics through consistent and comprehensive risk assessment, patient education about the risks and benefits of DTCGT, and referral to genomics professionals when appropriate.