Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Box 8118, 660 South Euclid, St Louis, MO 63110, USA.
Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Box 8118, 660 South Euclid, St Louis, MO 63110, USA.
Clin Lab Med. 2020 Mar;40(1):93-103. doi: 10.1016/j.cll.2019.11.001. Epub 2020 Jan 7.
Direct to consumer laboratory testing is a rapidly growing industry. However, the idea of consumers ordering their own laboratory tests has raised ethical concerns. Respect for autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice are core principles of biomedical ethics. Although direct to consumer testing would seem to offer autonomy to consumers, autonomy is only maintained if certain criteria are met, including intentionality, understanding, and noncontrol. There is little published evidence to support either beneficence or maleficence of direct to consumer testing. Finally, there are conflicting opinions about the justice of direct to consumer testing and whether it increases or decreases health disparities.
直接面向消费者的实验室检测是一个快速发展的行业。然而，消费者自行订购实验室检测的想法引发了伦理问题。尊重自主性、善行、不伤害和正义是生物医学伦理的核心原则。尽管直接面向消费者的检测似乎为消费者提供了自主性，但只有在满足某些标准的情况下才能维持自主性，这些标准包括意向性、理解和非控制。几乎没有发表的证据支持直接面向消费者的检测的善行或恶意。最后，对于直接面向消费者的检测的公正性以及它是否增加或减少健康差距存在相互矛盾的观点。
