Pharmacist intervention for pediatric asthma: A systematic literature review and logic model.

BACKGROUND

Asthma is highly prevalent in children. Evidence about pharmacist-led interventions in the management of pediatric asthma is emerging.

OBJECTIVE

To summarize empirical evidence of pharmacist-led interventions for pediatric asthma patients, and to identify the components of a logic model, which can inform evidence-based pharmacy practice.

METHODS

PubMed, Web of Science, Embase Scopus, ScienceDirect, Medline and CNKI were searched. Studies concerning pharmacist-led interventions for pediatric asthma patients with an interventional design published between January 2013 and February 2023 were selected for analysis. Literature was searched and retrieved according to PRISMA guidelines. Components of pharmacist-led interventions were compiled into a logic model comprising input, activity, output, outcome and contextual factors.

RESULTS

The initial search retrieved 2291 records and 35 were included in the analysis. The main interventional activities included optimising medicines use and prevention and control of asthma. Commonly reported outputs were medication adherence, knowledge and inhaler technique. The main economic outcomes included cost of medication and hospitalization; clinical outcomes included Childhood Asthma Control Test/Asthma Control Test scores and lung function in FEV1% and PEF%; humanistic outcomes included patients' quality of life and satisfaction. Social, economic, political, and technological factors were identified as contextual factors.

CONCLUSION

The logic model summarized components of interventions evaluated in literature. It provides a blueprint for pharmacist-led management of pediatric asthma. Further research can focus on the pharmacists' role in a multidisciplinary healthcare professional team and transition of care in patient-centered management of pediatric asthma.