Knapp Sandra, Särkinen Tiina, Barboza Gloria E
Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK Natural History Museum London United Kingdom.
Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20A Inverleith Row, Edinburgh EH3 5LR, UK Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh Edinburgh United Kingdom.
PhytoKeys. 2023 Aug 29;231:1-342. doi: 10.3897/phytokeys.231.100894. eCollection 2023.
The Morelloid clade, also known as the black nightshades or "Maurella" (Morella), is one of the 10 major clades within the mega-diverse genus L. The clade is most diverse in the central to southern Andes, but species occur around the tropics and subtropics, some extending well into the temperate zone. Plants of the group vary from herbs to short-lived perennials to perennial shrubs that are distinctly woody at the base, they have small mostly white or purplish white flowers and small juicy berries. Due to the complex morphological variation and weedy nature of these plants, coupled with the large number of published synonyms (especially for European taxa), our understanding of species limits and diversity in the Morelloid clade has lagged behind that of other clades in . Here we provide the last in a three-part series of monographic treatments of the morelloid solanums (see PhytoKeys Vols. 106, 125), treating the 62 species occurring in South America. This region is by far the most diverse in the clade, both in terms of species number and morphological diversity. We provide complete synonymy, nomenclatural details, including lecto- and neotypifications where needed, common names and uses, morphological descriptions, illustrations to aid identification both in herbaria and in the field, and distribution maps for all native, non-cultivated species. We include a key to all species, a synoptic character list for the species treated here and links to synoptic online keys for all species of the Morelloid clade. Preliminary conservation assessments following IUCN guidelines are also provided for all native species.
莫雷洛类群，也被称为龙葵属或“莫雷拉”（Morella），是极大多样性的茄属植物中的10个主要类群之一。该类群在安第斯山脉中部至南部最为多样，但物种分布于热带和亚热带地区，有些还延伸到温带地区。该类群的植物从草本植物到短命多年生植物，再到基部明显木质化的多年生灌木不等，它们开小而大多为白色或淡紫色的花，结小而多汁的浆果。由于这些植物复杂的形态变异和杂草特性，再加上已发表的同物异名数量众多（尤其是欧洲分类群），我们对莫雷洛类群中物种界限和多样性的理解落后于茄属中的其他类群。在此，我们提供了关于莫雷洛类茄属植物的三部分专题处理系列中的最后一部分（见《植物钥匙》第106卷、第125卷），处理南美洲的62个物种。就物种数量和形态多样性而言，该地区是该类群中迄今为止最多样化的。我们提供了完整的同物异名、命名细节，包括必要时的选模式和新模式指定、俗名和用途、形态描述、有助于在标本馆和野外进行鉴定的插图，以及所有原生非栽培物种的分布图。我们包括所有物种的检索表、此处处理的物种的综合特征列表以及莫雷洛类群所有物种的在线综合检索表链接。还根据世界自然保护联盟的指导方针为所有原生种提供了初步的保护评估。
