Department of Clinical Psychology, Medical School Berlin, 14197 Berlin, Germany.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Aug 28;20(17):6668. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20176668.
Men show a significantly higher suicide rate, are less often recognized as persons at risk, and are more difficult to reach for suicide prevention interventions. Warning signs and deterioration in mental health are often not recognized by their surroundings. This study aims to retrospectively analyze the behavior and communication of men before a suicide, how relatives noticed changes, and how the interaction was perceived. = 15 individuals who lost a close male relative to suicide were interviewed using psychological autopsy interviews. The interviews were evaluated following a deductive-inductive approach while using a comprehensive category system. The majority of men showed changes in behavior before the suicide, especially social withdrawal, irritability, and generally a deterioration in mental health. In fact, men did communicate their suicidal thoughts before they died through suicide, but mainly indirectly. While only one-third of the deceased made preparations before suicide, the majority of relatives noticed a deterioration in the mental health of the individual as well as increased alcohol and substance use. Men show signs of suicide, which are little recognized by their surroundings. Suicide prevention interventions should be adapted more to the needs of men.
男性的自杀率明显更高，他们作为自杀风险人群往往较少被识别，也更难以接受自杀预防干预。他们的周围人常常无法识别其自杀警告信号和心理健康恶化的情况。本研究旨在回顾性分析男性在自杀前的行为和沟通方式，亲属如何注意到这些变化，以及如何感知这种互动。使用心理解剖访谈，对 15 名因自杀而失去近亲的男性进行了访谈。访谈按照演绎归纳法进行评估，同时使用了全面的类别系统。大多数男性在自杀前表现出行为上的变化，尤其是社会退缩、易怒，以及心理健康普遍恶化。事实上，男性在自杀前确实通过自杀表达了他们的自杀想法，但主要是间接的。虽然只有三分之一的死者在自杀前有准备，但大多数亲属注意到个体的心理健康恶化，以及酒精和物质使用的增加。男性表现出自杀迹象，但周围的人很少能识别出来。自杀预防干预措施应更适应男性的需求。
