College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China.
Cells. 2023 Aug 28;12(17):2157. doi: 10.3390/cells12172157.
Visual perception plays a crucial role in foraging, avoiding predators, mate selection, and communication. The regulation of color vision is largely dependent on opsin, which is the first step in the formation of the visual transduction cascade in photoreceptor cells. Short-wave-sensitive 1 () is a visual pigment that mediates short-wavelength light transduction in vertebrates. The depletion of resulted in increased M-opsin in mice. However, there is still no report on the visual function of in teleost fish. Here, we constructed the knockout medaka using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. The 6 dph (days post-hatching) medaka larvae exhibited significantly decreased food intake and total length at the first feeding stage, and the mRNA levels of orexigenic genes ( and ) were significantly upregulated after feeding. The swimming speed was significantly reduced during the period of dark-light transition stimulation in the -mutant larvae. Histological analysis showed that the thickness of the lens was reduced, whereas the thickness of the ganglion cell layer (GCL) was significantly increased in medaka larvae. Additionally, the deletion of decreased the mRNA levels of genes involved in phototransduction (, , and ). We also observed increased retinal cell apoptosis and oxidative stress in knockout medaka larvae. Collectively, these results suggest that deficiency in medaka larvae may impair visual function and cause retinal cell apoptosis, which is associated with the downregulation of photoconduction expression and oxidative stress.
视觉感知在觅食、躲避捕食者、配偶选择和交流中起着至关重要的作用。颜色视觉的调节在很大程度上依赖于视蛋白，它是光感受器细胞中视觉转导级联形成的第一步。短波敏感 1 () 是一种视觉色素，在脊椎动物中介导短波光转导。的耗竭导致小鼠中 M-opsin 的增加。然而，在硬骨鱼类中，关于的视觉功能仍然没有报道。在这里，我们使用 CRISPR/Cas9 技术构建了 缺失型斑马鱼。在第一次摄食阶段，6 日龄 (孵化后) 的 缺失型斑马鱼幼鱼表现出明显的摄食量和全长减少，摄食后食欲基因 (和) 的 mRNA 水平显著上调。在黑暗-光照转换刺激期间，-突变体幼鱼的游泳速度显著降低。组织学分析表明，晶状体厚度减少，而 缺失型斑马鱼幼鱼的神经节细胞层 (GCL) 厚度显著增加。此外，的缺失降低了光转导相关基因 (、、和) 的 mRNA 水平。我们还观察到 缺失型斑马鱼幼鱼的视网膜细胞凋亡和氧化应激增加。总之，这些结果表明，斑马鱼幼鱼中 的缺乏可能损害视觉功能并导致视网膜细胞凋亡，这与光导表达下调和氧化应激有关。
