Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA.
Cofrin Logan Center for Addiction Research and Treatment, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA.
Addiction. 2024 Jan;119(1):62-71. doi: 10.1111/add.16332. Epub 2023 Sep 8.
US tobacco companies owned leading US food companies from 1980 to 2001. We measured whether hyper-palatable foods (HPF) were disproportionately developed in tobacco-owned food companies, resulting in substantial tobacco-related influence on the US food system.
The study involved a review of primary industry documents to identify food brands that were tobacco company-owned. Data sets from the US Department of Agriculture were integrated to facilitate longitudinal analyses estimating the degree to which foods were formulated to be hyper-palatable, based on tobacco ownership.
United States Department of Agriculture data sets were used to identify HPF foods that were (n = 105) and were not (n = 587) owned by US tobacco companies from 1988 to 2001.
A standardized definition from Fazzino et al. (2019) was used to identify HPF. HPF items were identified overall and by HPF group: fat and sodium HPF, fat and sugar HPF and carbohydrates and sodium HPF.
Tobacco-owned foods were 29% more likely to be classified as fat and sodium HPF and 80% more likely to be classified as carbohydrate and sodium HPF than foods that were not tobacco-owned between 1988 and 2001 (P-values = 0.005-0.009). The availability of fat and sodium HPF (> 57%) and carbohydrate and sodium HPF (> 17%) was high in 2018 regardless of prior tobacco-ownership status, suggesting widespread saturation into the food system.
Tobacco companies appear to have selectively disseminated hyper-palatable foods into the US food system between 1988 and 2001.
1980 年至 2001 年，美国烟草公司拥有多家美国领先的食品公司。我们测量了高糖高盐高脂食品（HPF）是否在烟草公司拥有的食品公司中不成比例地开发，从而对美国食品系统产生了实质性的烟草相关影响。
本研究涉及对主要行业文件的审查，以确定烟草公司拥有的食品品牌。整合了美国农业部的数据，以方便进行纵向分析，根据烟草所有权，估计食物被制成高糖高盐高脂的程度。
使用美国农业部数据集来识别 1988 年至 2001 年期间由美国烟草公司拥有的（n=105）和不拥有的（n=587）高糖高盐高脂食品。
使用 Fazzino 等人（2019 年）的标准化定义来识别高糖高盐高脂食品。整体和按高糖高盐高脂食品组（脂肪和钠高糖高盐高脂食品、脂肪和糖高糖高盐高脂食品以及碳水化合物和钠高糖高盐高脂食品）来识别高糖高盐高脂食品。
在 1988 年至 2001 年期间，与非烟草拥有的食品相比，烟草拥有的食品被归类为脂肪和钠高糖高盐高脂食品的可能性高 29%，被归类为碳水化合物和钠高糖高盐高脂食品的可能性高 80%（P 值=0.005-0.009）。2018 年，无论之前是否拥有烟草，高脂肪和高盐的高糖高盐高脂食品（>57%）和高碳水化合物和高钠的高糖高盐高脂食品（>17%）的供应都很高，这表明这些食品已广泛渗透到食品系统中。
烟草公司似乎在 1988 年至 2001 年期间有选择地将高糖高盐高脂食品推向美国食品系统。
