Department of Economics, School of Business and Economics, North South University, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh.
Department of Applied Economics I, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2023 Oct;30(46):103212-103224. doi: 10.1007/s11356-023-29237-7. Epub 2023 Sep 8.
China, United States, India, Russia, and Japan are regarded as the top five carbon dioxide-emitting nations in the world. These countries altogether account for more than half of the global annual discharges of carbon dioxide. Consequently, impeding the carbon emission-led environmental adversities in these countries is of critical emphasis for establishing environmental sustainability worldwide. In this regard, this study checks how economic progress, energy use intensification, and renewable energy use affect the annual growth rates of per capita carbon dioxide emission in these highly-polluted economies considering the study period from 1990 to 2021. Besides, for analytical purposes, advanced panel data estimation techniques have been utilized for detecting and neutralizing the impacts of cross-sectional dependency and slope heterogeneity-related problems in the data. Overall, the findings endorse that economic progress deteriorates environmental quality both in the short and long run. However, since the long-run unfavorable environmental impacts of economic growth are relatively lower compared with the short-run impacts, the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis can be deemed valid. Besides, more intensive use of energy resources is witnessed to impose negative long-run environmental consequences while the adoption of renewable energy instead of fossil fuels is found to improve environmental well-being, both in the short and long run. Furthermore, the results affirm that economic progress and energy use intensification jointly degrade environmental conditions. By contrast, economic progress alongside greater adoption of renewable energy is observed to inflict an environmental quality-improving effect. Considering these findings, a couple of carbon dioxide mitigating policies are suggested to the concerned highly polluted developed and developing nations.
中国、美国、印度、俄罗斯和日本被认为是世界上五个二氧化碳排放量最大的国家。这五个国家的二氧化碳排放量总和占全球年排放量的一半以上。因此，遏制这些国家的碳排放导致的环境恶化对于在全球范围内实现环境可持续性至关重要。在这方面，本研究检查了在考虑到 1990 年至 2021 年的研究期间，经济增长、能源利用强度和可再生能源利用如何影响这些高污染经济体的人均二氧化碳排放年增长率。此外，为了分析目的，使用了先进的面板数据估计技术来检测和消除数据中横截面相关性和斜率异质性相关问题的影响。总体而言，研究结果表明，经济增长在短期和长期内都恶化了环境质量。然而，由于经济增长的长期不利环境影响相对短期影响较低，因此可以认为环境库兹涅茨曲线假说成立。此外，更多地使用能源资源被证明会对环境产生长期的负面影响，而采用可再生能源代替化石燃料被发现会在短期和长期内改善环境福利。此外，结果证实，经济增长和能源利用强度共同恶化了环境条件。相比之下，经济增长和更多地采用可再生能源被认为会对环境质量产生改善效应。考虑到这些发现，向有关的高污染发达国家和发展中国家提出了一些减少二氧化碳排放的政策建议。
