Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Guanajuato, Carretera Salamanca- Valle de Santiago km 3.5 + 1.8 Comunidad de Palo Blanco, Salamanca, Guanajuato, 36885, México.
Idioms Center, University of Veracruz, Av. Universidad Veracruzana km 7.5, Col. Santa Isabel, Coatzacoalcos, Veracruz, 96538, México.
Environ Monit Assess. 2023 Sep 8;195(10):1166. doi: 10.1007/s10661-023-11725-5.
The demand to produce plastic has increased yearly; only in 2020, there was a production of approximately 368 million tons worldwide. According to Plastics Europe, from 2016 to 2018, a total of 29.1 Mt of plastic waste was generated, and 24% of this ended up in a landfill, generating problems due to accumulation. The increase in the demand for plastics has begun to contribute to the shortage of oil sources, a non-renewable resource. On the other hand, various researchers have reported effects on human health such as neurological damage, cancer in the nasal cavities, prostate, and ovarian cancer, and in animal species, destruction of the digestive and respiratory tracts due to the consumption of microplastics in food. Due to these reasons, various solutions have been proposed for recovering and recycling plastic waste. One of the most promising technologies is thermal and catalytic degradation, known as pyrolysis. This technology allows the recovery of chemical compounds of high energy value. In this work, the various environmental and social impacts caused by plastic are discussed. Worldwide consumption data is provided by sector and type of plastic, and the different routes of thermal degradation for each type of thermoplastic are shown.
塑料的需求逐年增加；仅在 2020 年，全球的产量就达到了约 3.68 亿吨。根据欧洲塑料协会的数据，2016 年至 2018 年期间，总共产生了 2910 万吨塑料废物，其中 24%最终被填埋，由于堆积而产生了问题。对塑料的需求增加开始导致石油资源短缺，而石油是一种不可再生资源。另一方面，许多研究人员报告了对人类健康的影响，例如神经损伤、鼻腔、前列腺和卵巢癌，在动物物种中，由于食用食物中的微塑料而导致消化道和呼吸道受损。由于这些原因，已经提出了各种回收和再利用塑料废物的解决方案。其中最有前途的技术之一是热催化降解，称为热解。该技术允许回收具有高能量价值的化学化合物。在这项工作中，讨论了塑料造成的各种环境和社会影响。提供了按部门和塑料类型划分的全球消费数据，并展示了每种热塑性塑料的不同热降解途径。
