Optometry and Vision Science Program, Centre for Rehabilitation and Special Needs Study (iCaRehab), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Occupational Therapy Program, Centre for Rehabilitation and Special Needs Study (iCaRehab), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
PLoS One. 2023 Sep 8;18(9):e0291062. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291062. eCollection 2023.
Most eye problems among children can be detected and treated at an early age to reduce the prevalence of visual impairment. Understanding the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) among parents about common children's eye problems is fundamental to encourage parents to seek early eye care services for their children. This study aims to develop a Parental Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice in Eye Problem among Children Questionnaire (PEPC-KAPQ) and evaluate its psychometric properties.
This study involved developing a questionnaire and was conducted in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia from July 2021 until June 2022. The questionnaire was developed based on a literature review and expert consultation. The first phase includes a systematic literature review to generate the items for the questionnaire. A group of five panels was then invited to perform content validity for the questionnaire. Face validity was conducted among ten parents to get feedback for the questionnaire. Construct validity and reliability of the questionnaire were measured by which the questionnaire was administered to a total of 134 parents and 64 parents for reliability test.
The final PEPC-KAPQ consists of four main sections: demographic, knowledge, attitude, and practice with 52 items. The content validity index was 0.85 for all domains of KAP. Modified kappa showed excellent value for most items for all domains. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin sampling adequacy showed acceptable scores of 0.84, and Bartlett's Test of Sphericity was significant (x2 = 3172.09, p<0.0001). Kuder-Richardson-2 of the domain knowledge was 0.95. Cronbach's α coefficient of domain attitude and practice were 0.92 and 0.88, respectively and the intraclass correlation of domain attitude and practice were 0.93 and 0.94 respectively. Bland and Altman's plots show that majority of the data fell within the limits of agreement.
The findings of this validation and reliability study show that the developed questionnaire has a satisfactory psychometric property for measuring the KAP of parents regarding eye problems among children.
大多数儿童眼部问题可以在早期发现和治疗，以降低视力损害的发生率。了解父母对儿童常见眼部问题的知识、态度和实践（KAP）对于鼓励父母为子女寻求早期眼科保健服务至关重要。本研究旨在开发儿童眼部问题父母知识、态度和实践调查问卷（PEPC-KAPQ）并评估其心理测量学特性。
本研究涉及问卷的开发，于 2021 年 7 月至 2022 年 6 月在马来西亚吉隆坡进行。问卷基于文献回顾和专家咨询制定。第一阶段包括系统文献综述，为问卷生成条目。然后邀请五组专家小组对问卷进行内容效度评估。对十名家长进行表面效度测试，为问卷提供反馈。通过对总共 134 名家长和 64 名家长进行问卷调查，测量问卷的结构效度和信度，进行可靠性测试。
最终的 PEPC-KAPQ 由四个主要部分组成：人口统计学、知识、态度和实践，共 52 个项目。KAP 所有领域的内容效度指数均为 0.85。改良 Kappa 显示大多数项目的各个领域都具有极好的价值。Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin 采样充足度评分为 0.84，Bartlett 球形检验显著（x2=3172.09，p<0.0001）。领域知识的 Kuder-Richardson-2 为 0.95。领域态度和实践的 Cronbach's α 系数分别为 0.92 和 0.88，领域态度和实践的组内相关系数分别为 0.93 和 0.94。Bland and Altman 图显示，大多数数据都落在一致性限内。
这项验证和可靠性研究的结果表明，所开发的问卷具有良好的心理测量学特性，可用于测量父母对儿童眼部问题的 KAP。
