Acad Med. 2024 Jan 1;99(1):98-105. doi: 10.1097/ACM.0000000000005450. Epub 2023 Sep 12.
The stakes of medical trainee selection are high, making it ironic and somewhat paradoxical that patients and the public often get little say in selection practices. The authors sought to undertake a knowledge synthesis to uncover what is known about patient engagement across the medical trainee selection continuum.
The authors conducted a scoping review aimed at exploring the current state of practice and research on patient engagement in medical trainee selection in 2017-2021. MeSH headings and keywords were used to capture patient, community, and standardized patient engagement in selection processes across multiple health professions. The authors employed broad inclusion criteria and iteratively refined the corpus, ultimately, limiting study selection to those reporting engagement of actual patients in selection within medicine, but maintaining a broad focus on any patient contributions across the entire selection continuum. The Cambridge Framework was adapted and used to organize the included studies.
In total, 2,858 abstracts were reviewed, and ultimately, 28 papers were included in the final corpus. The included studies were global but nascent. Most of the literature on this topic appears in the form of individual projects advocating for patient engagement in selection rather than cohesive programs with empirical exploration of patient engagement in selection. Job analysis methodology was particularly prominent for incorporating the patient voice into identifying competencies of relevance to selection. Direct patient engagement in early selection activities allowed the patient voice to assist candidates in determining their fit for medicine.
Patient engagement has not been made a specific focus of study in its own right, leading the authors to encourage researchers to turn their lens more directly on patient engagement to explore how it complements the professional voice in medical trainee selection.
医学学员选拔的利害关系重大，但具有讽刺意味的是，患者和公众在选拔实践中通常几乎没有发言权。作者试图进行知识综合，以揭示在医学学员选拔连续体中患者参与的情况。
作者在 2017 年至 2021 年期间进行了一项范围综述，旨在探索当前关于患者参与医学学员选拔实践和研究的状况。使用 MeSH 标题和关键字来捕捉多个健康专业领域的患者、社区和标准化患者在选拔过程中的参与情况。作者采用了广泛的纳入标准，并对语料库进行了迭代细化，最终将研究选择限制在报告实际患者在医学选拔中参与的范围内，但仍广泛关注整个选拔连续体中任何患者的贡献。采用了剑桥框架来组织纳入的研究。
共审查了 2858 篇摘要，最终有 28 篇论文纳入最终语料库。纳入的研究是全球性的，但还处于起步阶段。关于这个主题的大部分文献都是以个人项目的形式出现，主张患者参与选拔，而不是具有实证探索患者在选拔中参与的综合项目。工作分析方法在将患者的声音纳入与选拔相关的能力识别方面尤为突出。直接让患者参与早期选拔活动，让患者的声音帮助候选人确定自己是否适合医学。
患者参与本身并没有成为具体的研究焦点，这促使作者鼓励研究人员更直接地关注患者参与，以探讨它如何在医学学员选拔中补充专业声音。
