Bykowska-Derda Aleksandra, Spychala Marcin, Czlapka-Matyasik Magdalena, Sojka Mariusz, Bykowski Jerzy, Ptak Mariusz
Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624 Poznan, Poland.
Department of Hydraulic and Sanitary Engineering, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Piątkowska 94A, 60-649 Poznan, Poland.
Foods. 2023 Aug 29;12(17):3255. doi: 10.3390/foods12173255.
Interest in water chemical activity, its content, and its impact on human health has greatly increased throughout the last decade. Some studies suggest that drinking water with high hardness may have preventative effects on cardiovascular diseases. This study aims to investigate the association between drinking water hardness and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality.
The study selection process was designed to find the association between drinking water hardness and CVDs mortality. The search included both qualitative and quantitative research and was performed in three databases: Web of Science (Clarivate Analytics, Ann Arbor, MI, USA), PubMed (National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MA, USA), and Scopus (Elsevier, RELX Group plc, London, UK). The project was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO), registration number: CRD42020213102.
Seventeen studies out of a total of twenty-five studies qualitatively analyzed indicated a significant relation between total water hardness and protection from CVD mortality. The quantitative analysis concluded that high drinking water hardness has a significantly lowering effect on mortality from CVDs, however, the heterogeneity was high.
This systematic literature review shows that total water hardness could affect CVD prevention and mortality. Due to the many confounding factors in the studies, more research is needed.
在过去十年中，人们对水的化学活性、其含量及其对人类健康的影响的关注度大幅提高。一些研究表明，饮用高硬度水可能对心血管疾病有预防作用。本研究旨在探讨饮用水硬度与心血管疾病（CVD）死亡率之间的关联。
本研究的筛选过程旨在找出饮用水硬度与心血管疾病死亡率之间的关联。检索包括定性和定量研究，并在三个数据库中进行：科学网（科睿唯安公司，美国密歇根州安阿伯）、PubMed（美国国立卫生研究院，美国马萨诸塞州贝塞斯达）和Scopus（爱思唯尔公司，RELX集团，英国伦敦）。该项目已在国际前瞻性系统评价注册库（PROSPERO）注册，注册号：CRD42020213102。
在总共25项定性分析的研究中，有17项研究表明总水硬度与预防心血管疾病死亡率之间存在显著关系。定量分析得出结论，高饮用水硬度对心血管疾病死亡率有显著降低作用，然而，异质性较高。
本系统文献综述表明，总水硬度可能影响心血管疾病的预防和死亡率。由于研究中存在许多混杂因素，需要更多研究。
