Lionello Ferdinando Carmelo Pio, Rotundo Salvatore, Bruno Gabriele, Marino Gabriella, Morrone Helen Linda, Fusco Paolo, Costa Chiara, Russo Alessandro, Trecarichi Enrico Maria, Beltrame Anna, Torti Carlo
Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University "Magna Graecia", 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
Unit of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, "Mater Domini" Teaching Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
Diagnostics (Basel). 2023 Sep 1;13(17):2832. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics13172832.
Among infectious diseases, zoonoses are increasing in importance worldwide, especially in the Mediterranean region. We report herein some clinical cases from a third-level hospital in Calabria region (Southern Italy) and provide a narrative review of the most relevant features of these diseases from epidemiological and clinical perspectives. Further, the pathogenic mechanisms involved in zoonotic diseases are reviewed, focusing on the mechanisms used by pathogens to elude the immune system of the host. These topics are of particular concern for individuals with primary or acquired immunodeficiency (e.g., people living with HIV, transplant recipients, patients taking immunosuppressive drugs). From the present review, it appears that diagnostic innovations and the availability of more accurate methods, together with better monitoring of the incidence and prevalence of these infections, are urgently needed to improve interventions for better preparedness and response.
在传染病中，人畜共患病在全球范围内的重要性日益增加，在地中海地区尤为如此。我们在此报告了来自意大利南部卡拉布里亚地区一家三级医院的一些临床病例，并从流行病学和临床角度对这些疾病的最相关特征进行了叙述性综述。此外，还对人畜共患病所涉及的致病机制进行了综述，重点关注病原体逃避宿主免疫系统的机制。这些主题对于原发性或获得性免疫缺陷患者（例如，艾滋病毒感染者、移植受者、服用免疫抑制药物的患者）尤为重要。从本综述来看，似乎迫切需要诊断创新和更准确方法的可用性，以及对这些感染的发病率和流行率进行更好的监测，以改进干预措施，提高防范和应对能力。
