Dżaman Karolina, Ziemska-Gorczyca Marlena, Kantor Ireneusz
Department of Otolaryngology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland.
J Clin Med. 2023 Aug 29;12(17):5625. doi: 10.3390/jcm12175625.
Hearing loss is one of the most common causes of disability worldwide. The aim of the study was to compare the demographic structure and the results of hearing tests in people qualified for hearing aids over the last 25 years. The material covered 1246 patients qualified for hearing aids in the years 1996-2001 and 2016-2021. Patients were divided into two groups according to the time of qualifying for hearing aids. Group 1 (G1) consisted of 759 people qualified in the years 1996-2001, and Group 2 (G2) comprised 487 people qualified in the years 2016-2021. Statistical analysis was performed on the results of pure tone threshold audiometry and the demographic structure in both groups. Patients in G1 had statistically significantly elevated hearing thresholds (HT) in the air conduction range at frequencies from 2000 to 8000 Hz in relation to G2 patients. The opposite situation was observed for the bone conduction threshold. G2 patients had significantly elevated bone conduction HT at frequencies from 250 to 1000 Hz compared to G1 patients. The age structure in both groups was similar; however, the gender distribution was statistically significantly different. In G1 women accounted for 40%, and in G2, they became the dominant gender (53%). Over the last twenty years, there has been a change in the structure of patients qualified for hearing aids. Although the age has remained similar, today, patients decide to use hearing aids at an earlier stage of hearing loss than 25 years ago. Modern women began to use hearing aids much more often.
听力损失是全球最常见的致残原因之一。本研究的目的是比较过去25年中符合使用助听器条件的人群的人口结构和听力测试结果。研究材料涵盖了1996 - 2001年和2016 - 2021年期间符合使用助听器条件的1246名患者。根据符合使用助听器的时间将患者分为两组。第1组（G1）由1996 - 2001年符合条件的759人组成，第2组（G2）由2016 - 2021年符合条件的487人组成。对两组的纯音阈值听力测定结果和人口结构进行了统计分析。与G2组患者相比，G1组患者在2000至8000Hz频率的气导范围内听力阈值（HT）在统计学上显著升高。骨导阈值则观察到相反的情况。与G1组患者相比，G2组患者在250至1000Hz频率的骨导HT显著升高。两组的年龄结构相似；然而，性别分布在统计学上有显著差异。在G1组中女性占40%，而在G2组中，她们成为主导性别（53%）。在过去二十年中，符合使用助听器条件的患者结构发生了变化。尽管年龄保持相似，但如今患者在听力损失的早期阶段就决定使用助听器，比25年前更早。现代女性开始更频繁地使用助听器。
