The risk of overtreatment or not treating an occult carcinoma exists in women at risk of residual disease after a LEEP excision for CIN3. Our goal was to discover an efficient method to select patients requiring a second LEEP from those requiring a FU only through an mRNA-detection test. In a population of 686 women undergoing a LEEP excision for CIN 3, we selected 285 women at risk of residual disease and subjected them to a search for E6/E7 mRNA HPV. The women with negative mRNA were subjected to a follow up, while the women with positive mRNA were subjected to a second LEEP. The histological examination of the second cone revealed 120 (85.7%) cases of residual disease in the mRNA-positive women: 40 cases of CIN2, 51 cases of CIN3, 11 cases of squamous microinvasive carcinoma, 7 cases of squamous carcinoma, 9 cases of AIS (adenocarcinoma in situ) and 2 cases of adenocarcinoma. Among the mRNA-negative women undergoing a follow up, there were only five cases of residual disease. During the follow-up period of about 6 years, we witnessed the regression of the residual disease and the elimination of the virus, just as predicted by the negative result of the mRNA test. Testing patients for E6/E7 mRNA allowed us to identify women with residual disease (CIN2+) and treat them appropriately.