School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China.
Molecules. 2023 Sep 3;28(17):6415. doi: 10.3390/molecules28176415.
Ginsenoside Rg3, Rk1, and Rg5, rare ginsenosides from , have many pharmacological effects, which have attracted extensive attention. They can be obtained through the heat treatment of . In this study, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermal gravity-differential thermal gravity (TG-DTG) were employed to investigate this process and the content change in ginsenosides was analyzed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). SEM and TG-DTG were used to compare the changes in the ginsenosides before and after treatment. In SEM, the presence of hydrogen bond rearrangement was indicated by the observed deformation of vascular bundles and ducts. The before-and-after changes in the peak patterns and peaks values in TG-DTG indicated that the content of different kinds of compounds produced changes, which all revealed that the formation of new saponins before and after the heat treatment was due to the breakage or rearrangement of chemical bonds. Additionally, the deformation of vascular bundles and vessels indicated the presence of hydrogen bond rearrangement. The glycosidic bond at the 20 positions could be cleaved by ginsenoside Rb3 to form ginsenoside Rd, which, in turn, gave rise to ginsenoside Rg3(S) and Rg3(R). They were further dehydrated to form ginsenoside Rk1 and Rg5. This transformation process occurs in a weak acidic environment provided by itself, without the involvement of endogenous enzymes. In addition, the LC-MS analysis results showed that the content of ginsenoside Rb3 decreased from 2.25 mg/g to 1.80 mg/g, while the contents of ginsenoside Rk1 and Rg5 increased from 0.08 and 0.01 mg/g to 3.36 and 3.35 mg/g, respectively. Ginsenoside Rg3(S) and Rg3(R) were almost not detected in , and the contents of them increased to 0.035 and 0.23 mg/g after heat treatment. Therefore, the rare ginsenosides Rg3(S), Rg3(R), Rk1, and Rg5 can be obtained from via heat treatment.
稀有人参皂苷 Rg3、Rk1 和 Rg5 是 的特有成分，具有多种药理作用，引起了广泛关注。它们可以通过 的热处理获得。本研究采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和热重-差示热重（TG-DTG）研究了这一过程，并采用液相色谱-质谱联用（LC-MS）分析了人参皂苷含量的变化。SEM 和 TG-DTG 用于比较处理前后人参皂苷的变化。在 SEM 中，通过观察到的维管束和导管的变形，表明氢键发生了重排。TG-DTG 中峰型和峰值的前后变化表明，不同种类化合物的含量发生了变化，这一切都表明，热处理前后新皂苷的形成是由于化学键的断裂或重排所致。此外，维管束和导管的变形表明氢键发生了重排。20 位的糖苷键可被人参皂苷 Rb3 断裂形成人参皂苷 Rd，进而生成人参皂苷 Rg3(S)和 Rg3(R)。它们进一步脱水形成人参皂苷 Rk1 和 Rg5。这个转化过程发生在 自身提供的弱酸性环境中，不需要内源性酶的参与。此外，LC-MS 分析结果表明，人参皂苷 Rb3 的含量从 2.25mg/g 降至 1.80mg/g，而人参皂苷 Rk1 和 Rg5 的含量从 0.08mg/g 和 0.01mg/g 分别增加到 3.36mg/g 和 3.35mg/g。 中几乎检测不到人参皂苷 Rg3(S)和 Rg3(R)，热处理后它们的含量增加到 0.035mg/g 和 0.23mg/g。因此，稀有人参皂苷 Rg3(S)、Rg3(R)、Rk1 和 Rg5 可通过热处理从 中获得。
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