Castellón César I, Taboada María E
Departamento de Ingeniería en Minas, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Antofagasta, Av. Angamos 601, Antofagasta 1240000, Chile.
Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Procesos de Minerales, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Antofagasta, Av. Angamos 601, Antofagasta 1240000, Chile.
Materials (Basel). 2023 Aug 30;16(17):5940. doi: 10.3390/ma16175940.
To enhance the leaching of chalcopyrite concentrates, this study evaluated a new process for extracting copper using iodized solutions and sulfuric acid diluted in seawater without pressure or high temperatures. The work involved a leaching test carried out under various conditions by varying the concentrations of chloride ions, HSO, and an evenly distributed oxygen supply in an aeration system. It was demonstrated that Cl ion addition could promote the chalcopyrite-leaching process. The leaching efficiency of copper reached 70% after 96 h. However, a chloride ion dosage excess can have the opposite effect on extraction, reducing copper recovery. XRD and SEM-EDS results showed that cuprous chloride (CuCl) was formed at high dosages (>0.5 M); meanwhile, at a lower dosage, elemental sulfur (S) was formed in the presence of sulfuric acid solution and seawater medium. In contrast, in an aerated system, surface roughness markedly increased due to continuous oxidation on the surface of the ore. This change in morphology and the high value of the redox potential, given by the aerated system and the acidic environment, allowed copper recovery of up to 70% after 96 h. The results showed that an aerated system is the most effective factor in chalcopyrite concentrate leaching.
为提高黄铜矿精矿的浸出率，本研究评估了一种在无压力或高温条件下，使用加碘溶液和稀释于海水中的硫酸来提取铜的新工艺。该工作包括通过改变氯离子浓度、硫酸氢根离子浓度以及曝气系统中均匀分布的氧气供应，在各种条件下进行浸出试验。结果表明，添加氯离子可促进黄铜矿的浸出过程。96小时后铜的浸出效率达到70%。然而，过量的氯离子用量对提取有相反的影响，会降低铜的回收率。X射线衍射（XRD）和扫描电子显微镜-能谱分析（SEM-EDS）结果表明，高剂量（>0.5 M）时会形成氯化亚铜（CuCl）；同时，在较低剂量下，在硫酸溶液和海水介质存在的情况下会形成元素硫（S）。相比之下，在曝气系统中，由于矿石表面的持续氧化，表面粗糙度显著增加。由曝气系统和酸性环境导致的这种形态变化以及高氧化还原电位值，使得96小时后铜的回收率高达70%。结果表明，曝气系统是黄铜矿精矿浸出中最有效的因素。
