Aziz Shahid, Talha Tariq, Mazhar Abdur Rehman, Ali Junaid, Jung Dong-Won
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehak-ro, Jeju-si 63243, Republic of Korea.
Institute of Basic Sciences, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehak-ro, Jeju-Si 63243, Republic of Korea.
Materials (Basel). 2023 Aug 31;16(17):5979. doi: 10.3390/ma16175979.
Buildings use a significant percentage of the total energy consumed worldwide. Striving for energy conservation within buildings is of prime concern for researchers. Hence, scientists are aggressively exploring new energy storage and supply methods to reduce exorbitantly fluctuating energy demands and increase the share of renewable energy in building energy consumption. Solar systems that incorporate phase change materials (PCMs) for thermal storage have significant potential to serve in this context. These systems are not yet able to endure the significant energy demands, but they are being continually improved. The aim of this paper is to explore the existing solar PCM systems that are being studied or that are installed for use in indoor heating/cooling. As per the outcome of this systematic review, it has been observed that when coupled with solar thermal energy, the configuration of PCMs can either use passive or active techniques. Passive techniques are usually less efficient and more costly to implement in a building structure, resulting in active heat exchangers being widely implemented with better technical and economic results. At the same time, it has been observed that for most domestic buildings, organic PCMs with phase change temperatures of up to 42 °C and thermal conductivities of up to 0.56 W/m.K are most suitable for integration in solar thermal energy production. Hybrid systems are also commonly used for larger commercial buildings, in which the solar PCM system (SPCMS) provides a fraction of the total load. Additionally, the Stefan number is the most common technical parameter that is used to assess this performance, along with the effective thermal conductivity of the PCM after using enhancement techniques. The key economic indicator is annual savings per year, with most SPCMSs having a payback period of between 6 to 30 years. This review provides designers and researchers with key insights in terms of formulating a basis in the domain of coupling PCMs with solar thermal energy, especially within non-industrial buildings.
建筑物消耗的能源占全球总能耗的很大比例。在建筑物内实现节能是研究人员最为关注的问题。因此，科学家们正在积极探索新的能量存储和供应方法，以减少过度波动的能源需求，并提高可再生能源在建筑能耗中的占比。结合相变材料（PCM）用于蓄热的太阳能系统在这方面具有巨大潜力。这些系统目前还无法满足巨大的能源需求，但它们正在不断改进。本文的目的是探索正在研究或已安装用于室内供暖/制冷的现有太阳能PCM系统。根据这一系统综述的结果，已观察到，当与太阳能热能耦合时，PCM的配置可以采用被动或主动技术。被动技术通常效率较低，在建筑结构中实施成本较高，因此主动式热交换器得到了广泛应用，技术和经济效果更好。同时，已观察到，对于大多数住宅建筑，相变温度高达42°C、热导率高达0.56W/m·K的有机PCM最适合集成到太阳能热能生产中。混合系统也常用于大型商业建筑，其中太阳能PCM系统（SPCMS）提供部分总负荷。此外，斯蒂芬数是评估该性能最常用的技术参数，同时还有使用增强技术后PCM的有效热导率。关键经济指标是每年的节能量，大多数SPCMS的投资回收期在6至30年之间。本综述为设计师和研究人员在将相变材料与太阳能热能耦合领域，特别是在非工业建筑中，提供了关键见解。
