Liao Wan-Zhe, Zhou Zhi-Yi, Lin Zi-Kai, Xie Shuo-Jia, Zheng Ya-Fang, Wang Jun-Tao, Zheng Jun-Huang, Chen Hao-Kai, Chen Wu-Shu, Guo Xu-Guang
Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China.
Department of Clinical Medicine, The Nanshan College of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China.
Genes Nutr. 2023 Sep 9;18(1):13. doi: 10.1186/s12263-023-00732-3.
Coffee is one of the most consumed beverages in the world, coffee consumption has been growing in the United States over the past 20 years. Periodontitis is defined by the pathologic loss of the periodontal ligament and destruction of the connective tissue attachment and alveolar bone loss and is related to different systemic diseases and conditions. However, the causality has remained unclarified, thus we regarded discovering the causal relationship between coffee consumption and the liability to periodontitis as the objective of the study.
Coffee consumption was subdivided into binary coffee consumption and continuous coffee consumption to refine the study design. Genetic instruments were stretched from the MRC-IEU's (MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit) output from the GWAS pipeline using phesant-derived variables based on the UK Biobank, the Gene-Lifestyle Interactions in Dental Endpoints (GLIDE) project, and the joint meta-analysis of a recent GWAS. The IVW (Inverse Variance Weighted) was regarded as the primary method to estimate the causality, a scatter plot revealed the intuitive result, and tests for stability were also carried out.
An effect of continuous coffee consumption on the risk of periodontitis was found, with per SD of coffee consumed increases, the risk of periodontitis rises by 1.04% (Odds Ratio of IVW is 1.0104), while the effect of binary coffee consumption on periodontitis did not meet the requirement of indicating a strong causal association, neither were the reverse causality analyses.
The study indicated the causality of continuous coffee consumption to the risk of periodontitis with a relatively small scale of effect estimate and no strong evidence for an effect of binary coffee-consuming behavior on periodontitis. There was also no intensive evidence suggesting reverse causality.
咖啡是世界上消费最为广泛的饮品之一，在过去20年里，美国的咖啡消费量一直在增长。牙周炎的定义是牙周韧带的病理性丧失、结缔组织附着的破坏以及牙槽骨吸收，并且与不同的全身性疾病和状况相关。然而，因果关系仍未明确，因此我们将发现咖啡消费与患牙周炎易感性之间的因果关系作为本研究的目标。
将咖啡消费细分为二元咖啡消费和连续性咖啡消费，以优化研究设计。基于英国生物银行、牙科终点基因-生活方式相互作用（GLIDE）项目以及近期全基因组关联研究（GWAS）的联合荟萃分析，使用基于pheasant衍生变量，从MRC-IEU（MRC综合流行病学单位）的GWAS流程输出中提取遗传工具变量。逆方差加权（IVW）被视为估计因果关系的主要方法，散点图显示直观结果，并进行了稳定性检验。
发现连续性咖啡消费对牙周炎风险有影响，随着咖啡消费量每增加一个标准差，牙周炎风险上升1.04%（IVW的优势比为1.0104），而二元咖啡消费对牙周炎的影响未达到表明存在强因果关联的要求，反向因果关系分析也未达到要求。
该研究表明连续性咖啡消费与牙周炎风险之间存在因果关系，效应估计规模相对较小，且没有强有力的证据表明二元咖啡消费行为对牙周炎有影响。也没有确凿证据表明存在反向因果关系。
