Department of Psychology, Faculty of Management, Law and Social Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK.
Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK.
Diabet Med. 2024 Apr;41(4):e15222. doi: 10.1111/dme.15222. Epub 2023 Sep 15.
There are growing concerns on how to prevent, slow down and induce remission of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Recent evidence has found diet and lifestyle interventions can cause remission of T2DM, however, there are challenges for diverse groups such as British Pakistanis who are four times more at risk of T2DM. There is a need to understand the food behaviours of different generational groups to develop culturally appropriate strategies to support diabetes prevention programmes.
This study explores beliefs about healthy eating and food practices related to T2DM among British Pakistanis to understand the challenges they face in implementing healthy diets.
We carried out 26 semi-structured qualitative interviews via telephone and face-to-face. The sample included T2DM British Pakistanis living in Bradford (UK), aged between 18 and 71 with a mean age of 50 (SD = 17.04). Among the participants, 14 were women (54%) and 12 were men (46%), with interviews conducted in both English (76%) and Urdu (24%). Participants were grouped under three generation groups based on age (first generation 65+; second generation 40-64; younger generation 18-39 years). There was no biological link between the generational groups, and they were not part of the same family. Data were analysed using qualitative reflexive thematic analysis.
Findings were categorised into three themes: knowledge and awareness of diabetes symptoms; social and family context of food practices and making sense of healthy eating. The family was the fundamental unit of understanding food-related health behaviours. Eating traditional food was perceived as healthy and deemed practical for first generations who were the initial members of their family to settle in the UK as well as the second generations who had parents born in Pakistan. Younger British Pakistanis were born in the UK and reported that they struggled to eat alternative foods within the home and manage their T2DM.
These findings improve our understanding of how three generations of British Pakistanis with T2DM negotiate healthy diets. There is a need for culturally tailored diet modifications and interventions, where different generational needs can be specifically targeted to adopt healthier diets which should be shared and encouraged.
如何预防、减缓并诱导 2 型糖尿病（T2DM）缓解，这方面的担忧日益增加。最近的证据表明，饮食和生活方式干预可以使 T2DM 得到缓解，然而，对于英国巴基斯坦人等多种群体来说，这存在挑战，他们患 T2DM 的风险是其他人的四倍。需要了解不同代际群体的食物行为，以制定文化上适宜的策略来支持糖尿病预防计划。
本研究探讨了英国巴基斯坦人对与 T2DM 相关的健康饮食和食物行为的信念，以了解他们在实施健康饮食方面面临的挑战。
我们通过电话和面对面进行了 26 次半结构化定性访谈。样本包括居住在英国布拉德福德的 T2DM 英国巴基斯坦人，年龄在 18 至 71 岁之间，平均年龄为 50 岁（标准差=17.04）。参与者中，14 名女性（54%）和 12 名男性（46%），访谈语言为英语（76%）和乌尔都语（24%）。参与者根据年龄分为三组：第一代（65+）、第二代（40-64）和年轻一代（18-39 岁）。这三个世代组之间没有生物学联系，他们也不是同一个家庭的成员。数据采用定性反思性主题分析进行分析。
研究结果分为三个主题：糖尿病症状的知识和意识；食物实践的社会和家庭背景；以及对健康饮食的理解。家庭是理解与食物相关的健康行为的基本单位。第一代和第二代英国人认为食用传统食物是健康的，并且对于那些最初在英国定居的家庭以及那些父母在巴基斯坦出生的家庭来说，食用传统食物是实用的。年轻的英国巴基斯坦人在英国出生，他们报告说，他们在家里很难吃其他食物，也很难控制他们的 T2DM。
这些发现增进了我们对三代有 T2DM 的英国巴基斯坦人如何协商健康饮食的理解。需要进行文化上适当的饮食调整和干预，针对不同的代际需求，可以具体地进行目标定位，以采用更健康的饮食，这些饮食应该被分享和鼓励。
