Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
Curr Opin Insect Sci. 2023 Dec;60:101113. doi: 10.1016/j.cois.2023.101113. Epub 2023 Sep 9.
Southeast Asia is a uniquely complex region of malaria transmission that maintains an astounding level of species diversity among potential malaria vectors and also generates drug-resistant and quickly diverging populations of malaria parasites. All five human malaria species circulate in Southeast Asia with over 50 Anopheles species that vary in their ability to transmit these pathogens. The intricate relationships of these parasites and vectors are not well-understood. Human activity in Southeast Asian countries has created an increasingly fragmented landscape, bringing humans and mosquitoes into more frequent contact, sustaining malaria transmission in a region where few control tools are effective. Genomic shifts at the species, population, and individual level in parasites and vectors introduce variation that has produced drug- and insecticide resistance. The goal of this review is to highlight genomic studies of Southeast Asian malaria parasites and vectors that demonstrate how diversity in these organisms presents unique challenges and opportunities for global malaria control and eradication efforts.
东南亚是疟疾传播的一个独特而复杂的地区，其潜在的疟疾病媒具有惊人的物种多样性，同时疟原虫种群也产生了耐药性和快速分化。五种人类疟疾都在东南亚流行，有超过 50 种按传播能力而不同的按蚊。这些寄生虫和媒介之间复杂的关系还没有被很好地理解。东南亚国家的人类活动造成了景观日益碎片化，使人类和蚊子更频繁地接触，在一个有效控制工具很少的地区维持着疟疾的传播。寄生虫和媒介在物种、种群和个体水平上的基因组变化带来了变异，导致了药物和杀虫剂的耐药性。本综述的目的是强调东南亚疟疾病原虫和媒介的基因组研究，展示这些生物的多样性如何为全球疟疾控制和消除工作带来独特的挑战和机遇。
