Boyer Sebastien, Doeurk Bros, Rakotonirina Antsa, Chy Sophy, Vong Chantrea, Piv Eakpor, Tat Baura, Ea Malen, Chhin Chansophea, Phen Sreyvouch, Kloeung Nimol, Ke Sopheakvatey, Popovici Jean, Piola Patrice, Witkowski Benoit, Maquart Pierre-Olivier, Vantaux Amélie
Medical and Veterinary Entomology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, PO Box 983, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
Ecology and Emergence of Arthropod-Borne Diseases, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
Malar J. 2025 Jan 10;24(1):6. doi: 10.1186/s12936-024-05166-9.
Mosquitoes are important drivers of infectious diseases transmission, with Anopheles mosquitoes being responsible of malaria transmission. In Cambodia, where malaria is prevalent in forested regions, understanding the ecology of these vectors is crucial. This study aimed to investigate the abundance, distribution, seasonal patterns, biting behaviour of Anopheles mosquitoes, and prevalence of Plasmodium, in Mondulkiri province, Northeastern Cambodia.
Conducted in 9 sites, seven in forested and two in neighbouring villages, over one year, the collection of Anopheles mosquitoes was made hourly for a 72-h period every month, using a human-baited double net trap. Each mosquito was collected using a mouth-aspirator and identified morphologically, and screened for the presence of Plasmodium.
Primary vectors, including Anopheles baimaii, Anopheles dirus, Anopheles maculatus, and Anopheles minimus, constituted 11.1% of all female mosquitoes, while 12 secondary vector species represented 29.4% of the overall collection. Anopheles species were more prevalent during the late rainy season (August to November), with year-round activity observed. Primary vectors were predominantly found in forest sites, while other vector species were found in both village and forest environments. Notably, primary vectors exhibited a preference for nocturnal biting, yet a significant proportion (19.2%) displayed daytime activity, highlighting a potential risk of daytime malaria transmission. Among 5,056 Anopheles specimens tested, only 36 Plasmodium spp.-infected samples were detected, mainly in forest sites (94%), and in specimens collected at night. This study provides essential insights into the ecology of Anopheles in Mondulkiri Forest.
The identification of primary and secondary vectors, their seasonal dynamics, and biting behaviour contribute to enhances our understanding of malaria transmission risks in these areas, guiding future strategies toward effective and context-specific control measures, while stressing the need for individual protection during daytime.
蚊子是传染病传播的重要驱动因素，按蚊负责疟疾传播。在柬埔寨森林地区疟疾流行的情况下，了解这些病媒的生态学至关重要。本研究旨在调查柬埔寨东北部蒙多基里省按蚊的数量、分布、季节模式、叮咬行为以及疟原虫的流行情况。
在9个地点进行，其中7个在森林地区，2个在邻近村庄，为期一年，每月使用人饵双网诱捕器每小时收集一次按蚊，持续72小时。每只蚊子用吸蚊器收集，进行形态学鉴定，并筛查疟原虫的存在。
主要病媒，包括白踝按蚊、大劣按蚊、多斑按蚊和微小按蚊，占所有雌蚊的11.1%，而12种次要病媒物种占总捕获量的29.4%。按蚊种类在雨季后期（8月至11月）更为普遍，全年均有活动。主要病媒主要在森林地点发现，而其他病媒物种在村庄和森林环境中均有发现。值得注意的是，主要病媒表现出夜间叮咬的偏好，但仍有相当比例（19.2%）表现出白天活动，突出了白天疟疾传播的潜在风险。在检测的5056份按蚊标本中，仅检测到36份感染疟原虫的样本，主要在森林地点（94%），以及夜间采集的标本中。本研究为蒙多基里森林按蚊的生态学提供了重要见解。
主要和次要病媒的识别、它们的季节动态和叮咬行为有助于增强我们对这些地区疟疾传播风险的理解，指导未来采取有效且因地制宜的控制措施的策略，同时强调白天个人防护的必要性。
