Laboratory for Functional Foods and Human Health, Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, United States.
Department of Animal Sciences, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, North Carolina 27411, United States.
J Agric Food Chem. 2023 Sep 20;71(37):13757-13767. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c01857. Epub 2023 Sep 10.
Bioavailability is critical in ensuring bioefficacy of ginger compounds, which have not been studied in chicks. In this study, day-old chicks were treated with ginger root extract at 0.0, 0.4, 0.8, 1.5, and 3.0% for 42 days. The gingerols and shogaols in chick samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The primary phase-I metabolic pathway for gingerols and shogaols was the reduction of ketone groups into hydroxyl groups. Shogaols were also metabolized through thiol conjugation and hydrogenation of double-bond pathways. Within the bloodstream, gingerols and their metabolites predominantly existed as glucuronidate or sulfate conjugates. However, the levels of the free form and conjugates were comparable for shogaols. In breast meat, the quantities of both the free form and conjugates for all compounds were similar. In plasma, more than 50% of absorbed 6-gingerol (6G) and 90% of absorbed 6-shogaol underwent reduction to their respective metabolites. However, in breast meat, the percentage of reduction for absorbed 6G was less than 50%, and for absorbed 6-shogaol, it was less than 60%. Ginger compounds were absorbed into chick plasma ranging from 1.4 to 8.5 μg/mL and breast meat ranging from 7.1 to 114.6 μg/100 g across the 0.4-3.0% dose range in a dose-dependent manner.
生物利用度对于确保姜属化合物的生物功效至关重要，而这些化合物在雏鸡中尚未得到研究。在这项研究中，雏鸡在 0.0、0.4、0.8、1.5 和 3.0%的姜根提取物中处理 42 天。通过液相色谱-质谱法分析雏鸡样品中的姜醇和姜烯酚。姜醇和姜烯酚的主要一期代谢途径是将酮基还原为羟基。姜烯酚还通过硫醇结合和双键氢化途径代谢。在血液中，姜醇及其代谢物主要以葡萄糖醛酸或硫酸盐缀合物的形式存在。然而，姜烯酚的游离形式和缀合物的水平相当。在鸡胸肉中，所有化合物的游离形式和缀合物的数量相似。在血浆中，吸收的 6-姜醇（6G）和 90%吸收的 6-姜烯酚的 50%以上经历了还原成各自的代谢物。然而，在鸡胸肉中，吸收的 6G 的还原百分比小于 50%，吸收的 6-姜烯酚的还原百分比小于 60%。姜属化合物以 1.4 到 8.5μg/mL 的浓度被吸收到雏鸡血浆中，以 7.1 到 114.6μg/100g 的浓度被吸收到鸡胸肉中，其吸收量随剂量在 0.4-3.0%的范围内呈剂量依赖性。
