College of Water Conservancy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
Liaoning Jianghe Water Conservancy Water Electricity New Technology Design & Research Institute Co., Ltd., Shenyang 110003, China.
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2023 Jul;34(7):1871-1882. doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202307.015.
To explore the groundwater recharge rate and soybean growth dynamics under different groundwater depths, we conducted a field experiment with four groundwater depth treatments (1 m, D; 2 m, D; 3 m, D; 4 m, D) through the groundwater simulation system in 2021 and 2022 and explored the relationships between groundwater depth and groundwater recharge, irrigation, growth dynamics of soybean plants, and yield. We used the Logistic regression model to simulate the dynamics of soybean growth indices, including plant height, leaf area index, and dry matter accumulation. The results showed that compared with D treatment, the amount of groundwater recharge under D, D, and D treatments decreased by 81.1%, 96.8%, 97.5% and 80.7%, 96.7%, 97.3% in the two years, respectively. The groundwater in D treatment could meet water needs of soybean throughout the whole growth period, except that irrigation was needed in the sowing stage. The amount of irrigation under D treatment was decreased by 91.7%, 93.0%, 94.2%, and 90.9%, 92.9%, 94.0% in the two years, respectively, compared with D, D, D treatments. Among the four treatments, D treatment took the shortest time for entering the rapid growth stage and reach the maximum growth rate, which had the highest maximum growth rate. At the mature stage of soybean, the dry matter distribution ratio of stem in D treatment was the highest. D treatment promoted the translocation of post-flowering assimilates in soybean, and its post-flowering assimilate contribution to seeds increased by 15.5%, 16.2%, 32.6% and 45.5%, 48.7%, 63.3% in the two years, respectively, compared with D, D, D treatments. D treatment had the highest plant height, leaf area index, and dry matter accumulation, follo-wed by D treatment, while D treatment had the lowest. Soybean yield, number of pods per plant, number of grains per plant, and 100-grain weight all decreased and then increased with increasing groundwater depth, following an order of D>D>D>D. Soybean yield was significantly positively correlated with groundwater recharge, which was positively correlated with plant height, leaf area index, and dry matter accumulation. Our results indicated that the D treatment with adequate groundwater recharge increased plant height, leaf area index, and dry matter accumulation, coordinated the distribution and translocation of dry matter among all plant parts in the late soybean growth period, and ultimately achieved the highest yield. When groundwater depth was deep (D), groundwater recharge was small. In such case, the growth and development status and yield of soybean could also reach a high level if there was sufficient water supply.
为了探索不同地下水埋深下的地下水补给速率和大豆生长动态，我们通过地下水模拟系统在 2021 年和 2022 年进行了一项田间试验，设置了四个地下水埋深处理（1 m，D；2 m，D；3 m，D；4 m，D），并探讨了地下水埋深与地下水补给、灌溉、大豆植株生长动态和产量之间的关系。我们使用 Logistic 回归模型模拟了大豆生长指标（株高、叶面积指数和干物质积累）的动态。结果表明，与 D 处理相比，D、D 和 D 处理下的地下水补给量在两年内分别减少了 81.1%、96.8%、97.5%和 80.7%、96.7%、97.3%。D 处理的地下水可满足大豆整个生长周期的水分需求，除了播种阶段需要灌溉。与 D、D 和 D 处理相比，D 处理下的灌溉量在两年内分别减少了 91.7%、93.0%、94.2%和 90.9%、92.9%、94.0%。在这四种处理中，D 处理进入快速生长阶段所需的时间最短，达到最大生长速率所需的时间最长，其最大生长速率最高。在大豆成熟阶段，D 处理的茎干物质分配比例最高。D 处理促进了大豆开花后同化产物的转移，开花后同化产物对种子的贡献增加了 15.5%、16.2%、32.6%和 45.5%、48.7%、63.3%，分别在两年内，与 D、D 和 D 处理相比。D 处理的株高、叶面积指数和干物质积累最高，其次是 D 处理，而 D 处理最低。大豆产量、单株荚数、单株粒数和百粒重均随地下水埋深的增加而先降低后升高，顺序为 D>D>D>D。大豆产量与地下水补给呈显著正相关，与株高、叶面积指数和干物质积累呈正相关。我们的研究结果表明，充足的地下水补给可增加株高、叶面积指数和干物质积累，协调大豆生长后期各部位干物质的分配和转移，最终达到最高产量。当地下水埋深较深（D）时，地下水补给量较小，此时，如果供水充足，大豆的生长发育状况和产量也能达到较高水平。
