Kinnunen Tomi H, Lee Kong Aik, Tak Hemlata, Evans Nicholas, Nautsch Andreas
IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell. 2024 May;46(5):2622-2637. doi: 10.1109/TPAMI.2023.3313648. Epub 2024 Apr 3.
Presentation attack (spoofing) detection (PAD) typically operates alongside biometric verification to improve reliablity in the face of spoofing attacks. Even though the two sub-systems operate in tandem to solve the single task of reliable biometric verification, they address different detection tasks and are hence typically evaluated separately. Evidence shows that this approach is suboptimal. We introduce a new metric for the joint evaluation of PAD solutions operating in situ with biometric verification. In contrast to the tandem detection cost function proposed recently, the new tandem equal error rate (t-EER) is parameter free. The combination of two classifiers nonetheless leads to a set of operating points at which false alarm and miss rates are equal and also dependent upon the prevalence of attacks. We therefore introduce the concurrent t-EER, a unique operating point which is invariable to the prevalence of attacks. Using both modality (and even application) agnostic simulated scores, as well as real scores for a voice biometrics application, we demonstrate application of the t-EER to a wide range of biometric system evaluations under attack. The proposed approach is a strong candidate metric for the tandem evaluation of PAD systems and biometric comparators.
呈现攻击（欺骗）检测（PAD）通常与生物特征验证协同运行，以提高面对欺骗攻击时的可靠性。尽管这两个子系统协同运行以解决可靠生物特征验证的单一任务，但它们处理不同的检测任务，因此通常分别进行评估。有证据表明这种方法并非最优。我们引入一种新的指标，用于对与生物特征验证协同运行的PAD解决方案进行联合评估。与最近提出的串联检测成本函数不同，新的串联等错误率（t-EER）是无参数的。然而，两个分类器的组合会导致一组误报率和漏报率相等且还取决于攻击发生率的操作点。因此，我们引入并发t-EER，这是一个与攻击发生率无关的唯一操作点。使用模态（甚至应用）无关的模拟分数以及语音生物特征应用的真实分数，我们展示了t-EER在遭受攻击的广泛生物特征系统评估中的应用。所提出的方法是用于PAD系统和生物特征比较器串联评估的有力候选指标。
