Department of English, King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia.
Substantive-Methodological Synergy Research Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
Acta Psychol (Amst). 2023 Oct;240:104021. doi: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2023.104021. Epub 2023 Sep 9.
Research on the satisfaction of the basic psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness is well-established in second language (L2) research. However, little is known about the frustration of these basic psychological needs and how they can undermine intrinsic motivation and L2 achievement. Importantly, there is no valid scale of the frustration of the basic psychological needs in the L2 context. Accordingly, the present study introduces a new scale called the Basic Psychological Needs Frustration in Second Language (BPNF-L2) and assesses its factor structure and criterion-related validity through the application of bifactor exploratory structural equation modeling (bifactor ESEM). Our results showed that scores obtained on the BPNF-L2 scale are reliable and valid. Moreover, our results support the criterion-related validity of this factor structure by showing that the general factor of BPNF-L2 negatively explains intrinsic motivation and L2 achievement while the BPNF-L2 specific factors (i.e., autonomy, competence, and relatedness frustration) explain the outcomes differently. The results indicate that feeling frustrated because basic psychological needs are not met may hinder the enjoyment and acquisition of the L2. Educational implications, methodological advancements, and directions for future research are provided.
对自主、能力和相关关系这三种基本心理需求的满足感的研究在第二语言（L2）研究中已经得到了很好的证实。然而，对于这些基本心理需求的受挫感以及它们如何破坏内在动机和 L2 成就知之甚少。重要的是，在 L2 环境中没有关于基本心理需求受挫感的有效量表。因此，本研究引入了一个新的量表，称为第二语言中的基本心理需求受挫感（BPNF-L2），并通过应用双因素探索性结构方程模型（bifactor ESEM）来评估其因子结构和效标关联效度。我们的研究结果表明，BPNF-L2 量表的得分是可靠和有效的。此外，我们的研究结果通过表明 BPNF-L2 的一般因素负向解释内在动机和 L2 成就，而 BPNF-L2 的特定因素（即自主、能力和相关关系受挫）以不同的方式解释结果，支持了这种因子结构的效标关联效度。结果表明，由于基本心理需求得不到满足而感到受挫可能会阻碍对 L2 的享受和习得。本文提供了教育意义、方法学进展以及未来研究方向。
