Department of Public Health, Mamasani Higher Education Complex for Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran.
Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Nutrition, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Islamic Republic of Iran.
East Mediterr Health J. 2023 Aug 31;29(8):630-637. doi: 10.26719/emhj.23.046.
The relationship between gender disparity and the risk of developing noncommunicable disease and other social health determinants has not been well researched in the Islamic Republic of Iran.
To assess how gender disparity contributes to the overall risk of noncommunicable disease in the Islamic Republic of Iran.
This was a secondary analysis of data on about 11 000 adults aged 15-69 years from the 2011 WHO STEPwise approach to NCD risk factor surveillance (STEPS) survey in the Islamic Republic of Iran. The outcome variable in our analysis was the noncommunicable disease risk factor index. We used an extension of the Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition model to decompose the predicted mean difference in this index. Sampling method, study design and sex were considered in the analysis. The predictor variables were age, household assets index, education, employment status, ethnicity, and residence.
The overall mean (standard deviation) noncommunicable disease risk score was 39.26 (22.4). The risk score for women was significantly higher than for men (41.75 versus 36.84; P < 0.001). About 35% of gender disparity in risk score was due to the differences in distribution of the predictor variables (explained component); of these, age contributed the most (23.79%), followed by education (7.82%). The different gender effects on work status and age made the largest contributions to the unexplained component of the disparity, 36.40% and 14.82%, respectively.
Policies to reduce the risk of noncommunicable diseases need to consider gender groups and how gender affects social determinants such as employment status to make some gender subgroups more vulnerable than others.
在伊朗伊斯兰共和国，性别差异与非传染性疾病风险和其他社会健康决定因素之间的关系尚未得到充分研究。
评估性别差异如何导致伊朗伊斯兰共和国非传染性疾病的总体风险。
这是对大约 11000 名 15-69 岁成年人的数据分析，这些数据来自伊朗伊斯兰共和国 2011 年世界卫生组织非传染性疾病风险因素监测（STEPS）调查的 WHO 逐步方法。我们分析中的因变量是非传染性疾病风险因素指数。我们使用 Blinder-Oaxaca 分解模型的扩展来分解该指数的预测均值差异。在分析中考虑了抽样方法、研究设计和性别。预测变量为年龄、家庭资产指数、教育、就业状况、族裔和居住地。
总体平均（标准差）非传染性疾病风险评分 39.26（22.4）。女性的风险评分明显高于男性（41.75 比 36.84；P < 0.001）。风险评分的性别差异约有 35%归因于预测变量分布的差异（解释成分）；其中，年龄的贡献最大（23.79%），其次是教育（7.82%）。工作状况和年龄对不同性别效应的影响对差异的未解释成分做出了最大贡献，分别为 36.40%和 14.82%。
减少非传染性疾病风险的政策需要考虑性别群体以及性别如何影响就业状况等社会决定因素，以使一些性别亚组比其他亚组更容易受到影响。
