Infectious Diseases Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Islamic Republic of Iran.
Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Islamic Republic of Iran.
East Mediterr Health J. 2023 Aug 31;29(8):620-629. doi: 10.26719/emhj.23.093.
Headache is the most common disorder of the central nervous system, and one of the most prevalent noncommunicable diseases.
We aimed to determine factors associated with chronic headache among adults in the Islamic Republic of Iran.
This was a cross-sectional study that recruited 10 063 participants from the baseline data of the Ravansar noncommunicable disease cohort study in western Islamic Republic of Iran in 2021. Participants who had headaches for ≥ 15 days per month for ≥ 3 months were considered as having chronic headache. Logistic regression was used to examine the associations.
The prevalence of chronic headache was 10.49% (n = 1054), and was significantly higher among females (14.55%, n = 769) than males (5.98%, n = 285) (P < 0.001). The risk of chronic headache among married females was 73% higher than among single females. Among male smokers, the risk of chronic headache was 1.47 times higher than among non-smokers [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.05, 2.06]. The risk of chronic headache among depressed males was 2.59 times higher than among non-depressed males (95% CI: 1.28, 5.22); and among depressed females the risk was 2.38 times higher than among non-depressed females (95% CI: 1.76, 3.23). Among males who lived in rural areas, the risk of chronic headache was 84% lower than among those who lived in urban areas; and among females who lived in rural areas it was 81% lower than those who lived in urban areas. Being menopausal and having normal sleep were significantly associated with lower risk, while comorbidity was associated with higher risk, of developing chronic headache.
Depression, urban residence, smoking, comorbidity, and being married were associated with an increase in the risk of developing chronic headache, while higher education level, menopause and normal sleep were associated with a decrease in the risk of developing chronic headache.
头痛是中枢神经系统最常见的疾病之一,也是最常见的非传染性疾病之一。
我们旨在确定与伊朗伊斯兰共和国成年人慢性头痛相关的因素。
这是一项横断面研究,于 2021 年从伊朗西部拉万萨尔非传染性疾病队列研究的基线数据中招募了 10063 名参与者。每月头痛≥15 天且持续≥3 个月的患者被认为患有慢性头痛。采用 logistic 回归分析来评估相关性。
慢性头痛的患病率为 10.49%(n=1054),女性(14.55%,n=769)显著高于男性(5.98%,n=285)(P<0.001)。已婚女性患慢性头痛的风险比单身女性高 73%。男性吸烟者患慢性头痛的风险是非吸烟者的 1.47 倍[95%置信区间(CI):1.05,2.06]。男性抑郁患者患慢性头痛的风险是非抑郁患者的 2.59 倍(95%CI:1.28,5.22);女性抑郁患者的风险是非抑郁患者的 2.38 倍(95%CI:1.76,3.23)。与居住在城市地区的男性相比,居住在农村地区的男性患慢性头痛的风险低 84%;与居住在城市地区的女性相比,居住在农村地区的女性患慢性头痛的风险低 81%。绝经期和正常睡眠与较低的慢性头痛风险显著相关,而合并症与较高的慢性头痛风险相关。
抑郁、城市居住、吸烟、合并症和已婚与慢性头痛风险增加相关,而较高的教育水平、绝经和正常睡眠与慢性头痛风险降低相关。