Infectious Disease Unit, Rabin Medical Center (Beilinson Campus), Petah Tikva, Israel, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
COVID-19 Inpatient Department, Rabin Medical Center (Beilinson Campus), Petah Tikva, Israel.
Isr Med Assoc J. 2023 Sep;25(9):585-589.
Influenza and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are respiratory diseases with similar modes of transmission. In December 2021, influenza re-emerged after it had been undetected since March 2020 and the Omicron variant replaced the Delta variant. Data directly comparing the two diseases are scarce.
To compare the outcomes of patients with both the Omicron variant and influenza during 2021-2022.
We performed a retrospective study conducted in Beilinson hospital, Israel, from December 2021 to January 2022. We included all hospitalized patients with either laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 or influenza. The primary outcome was 30-day mortality.
We identified 167 patients diagnosed with Omicron and 221 diagnosed with Influenza A. The median age was 71 years for Omicron and 65 years for influenza. Patients with Omicron had a significantly higher Charlson Comorbidity Index score (4 vs. 3, P < 0.001). Patients with Omicron developed more respiratory failure that needed mechanical ventilation (7% vs. 2%, P = 0.05) and vasopressors (14% vs. 2%, P < 0.001) than patients with influenza. In a multivariate model, 30-day mortality was lower in patients diagnosed with influenza than in patients diagnosed with Omicron (19/221 [9%] vs. 44/167 [26%], hazard ratio 0.45, 95% confidence interval 0.25-0.81).
Patients diagnosed with Omicron had higher mortality than patients diagnosed with seasonal influenza. This finding could be due to differences in co-morbidities, the virus pathogenicity, and host responses to infection.
流感和 2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）是具有相似传播方式的呼吸道疾病。2021 年 12 月，流感在 2020 年 3 月以来未被检测到后再次出现，而奥密克戎变异株取代了德尔塔变异株。直接比较这两种疾病的数据很少。
比较 2021-2022 年同时感染奥密克戎变异株和流感的患者的结局。
我们在以色列贝林森医院进行了一项回顾性研究，时间为 2021 年 12 月至 2022 年 1 月。我们纳入了所有经实验室确诊的 COVID-19 或流感住院患者。主要结局为 30 天死亡率。
我们共确定了 167 例诊断为奥密克戎变异株和 221 例诊断为甲型流感的患者。奥密克戎变异株患者的中位年龄为 71 岁，而流感患者的中位年龄为 65 岁。奥密克戎变异株患者的 Charlson 合并症指数评分显著更高（4 分 vs. 3 分，P < 0.001）。与流感患者相比，奥密克戎变异株患者发生呼吸衰竭需要机械通气（7% vs. 2%，P = 0.05）和血管加压药（14% vs. 2%，P < 0.001）的比例更高。在多变量模型中，与诊断为奥密克戎变异株的患者相比，诊断为流感的患者 30 天死亡率更低（221 例患者中有 19 例[9%] vs. 167 例患者中有 44 例[26%]，风险比 0.45，95%置信区间 0.25-0.81）。
诊断为奥密克戎变异株的患者的死亡率高于诊断为季节性流感的患者。这一发现可能是由于合并症、病毒致病性和宿主对感染的反应等方面的差异所致。
